National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412–9110, USA.
J Appl Toxicol. 2013 Apr;33(4):265-72. doi: 10.1002/jat.1736. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
Concern with increasing levels of emerging contaminants exists on a global scale. Three commonly observed emerging environmental contaminants: triclosan (2,4,4-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether), a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), used in stain- and water-resistant treatments, have become distributed ubiquitously across ecosystems and have been detected in wildlife and humans. MCF-7 BOS human breast cancer cells were used to investigate the potential for cytotoxicity, estrogenicity and anti-estrogenicity of these three compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assay (MTS) and the E-SCREEN bioassay. The doses used were 0.002-200 µg ml(-1) for triclosan and 0.03-30 µg ml(-1) for PFOS and PFOA. Quantitative results from the MTS assay revealed no significant cytotoxicity at lower concentrations for any of the test compounds; however, both triclosan and PFOA were cytotoxic at the highest concentrations examined (100-200 and 30 µg ml(-1), respectively), while PFOS showed no significant cytotoxicity at any of the concentrations tested. Positive estrogenic responses (P < 0.05) were elicited from the E-SCREEN at all concentrations examined for triclosan and PFOA and at 30 µg ml(-1) for PFOS. Further, significant anti-estrogenic activity (P < 0.05) was detected for all compounds tested at all concentrations when cells were co-exposed with 10(-9) m 17-β estradiol (E(2)). The overall results demonstrated that triclosan, PFOS and PFOA have estrogenic activities and that co-exposure to contaminants and E(2) produced anti-estrogenic effects. Each of these compounds could provide a source of xenoestrogens to humans and wildlife in the environment. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
人们普遍关注在全球范围内不断增多的新出现的污染物。三种常见的新兴环境污染物：三氯生（2,4,4-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚），一种合成的广谱抗菌剂，以及全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA），用于防污和防水处理，已广泛分布于生态系统中，并在野生动物和人类体内检测到。使用 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺基苯基)-2H-四唑鎓内盐测定法（MTS）和 E-SCREEN 生物测定法，用 MCF-7 BOS 人乳腺癌细胞研究了这三种化合物在环境相关浓度下的潜在细胞毒性、雌激素和抗雌激素活性。三氯生和 PFOS 和 PFOA 的使用剂量分别为 0.002-200 µg ml(-1)和 0.03-30 µg ml(-1)。MTS 测定的定量结果表明，在较低浓度下，任何测试化合物均无明显的细胞毒性；然而，三氯生和 PFOA 在最高浓度下均具有细胞毒性（分别为 100-200 和 30 µg ml(-1)），而 PFOS 在所有测试浓度下均无明显的细胞毒性。E-SCREEN 在所有测试浓度下都能引起三氯生和 PFOA 的阳性雌激素反应（P < 0.05），在 30 µg ml(-1) 时能引起 PFOS 的阳性雌激素反应。进一步，当细胞与 10(-9) m 17-β 雌二醇（E(2)）共同暴露时，所有测试化合物在所有浓度下均显示出显著的抗雌激素活性（P < 0.05）。总的结果表明，三氯生、PFOS 和 PFOA 具有雌激素活性，而污染物和 E(2) 的共同暴露产生了抗雌激素作用。这些化合物中的每一种都可能为环境中的人类和野生动物提供一种外源性雌激素来源。2011 年出版。本文是美国政府的一项工作，在美国属于公有领域。
