Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27628. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027628. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a unique type of glial cells that function as oligodendrocyte progenitors while constantly proliferating in the normal condition from rodents to humans. However, the functional roles they play in the adult brain are largely unknown. In this study, we focus on the manner of OPC proliferation in the hippocampus of the young adult mice. Here we report that there are oscillatory dynamics in OPC proliferation that differ from neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ); the former showed S-phase and M-phase peaks in the resting and active periods, respectively, while the latter only exhibited M-phase peak in the active period. There is coincidence between different modes of proliferation and expression of cyclin proteins that are crucial for cell cycle; cyclin D1 is expressed in OPCs, while cyclin D2 is observed in neural stem cells. Similar to neurogenesis, the proliferation of hippocampal OPCs was enhanced by voluntary exercise that leads to an increase in neuronal activity in the hippocampus. These data suggest an intriguing control of OPC proliferation in the hippocampus.
少突胶质前体细胞（OPC）是一种独特的神经胶质细胞，在从啮齿动物到人类的正常条件下，它们作为少突胶质细胞的前体细胞不断增殖。然而，它们在成年大脑中所起的功能作用在很大程度上是未知的。在本研究中，我们专注于年轻成年小鼠海马体中 OPC 增殖的方式。我们在此报告，OPC 增殖存在着不同于颗粒下层（SGZ）神经发生的振荡动力学；前者在静止期和活跃期分别表现出 S 期和 M 期的峰值，而后者仅在活跃期表现出 M 期的峰值。不同的增殖模式和细胞周期关键蛋白 cyclin 的表达之间存在一致性；cyclin D1 在 OPC 中表达，而 cyclin D2 在神经干细胞中观察到。类似于神经发生，海马体 OPC 的增殖被自愿运动增强，导致海马体神经元活动增加。这些数据表明，在海马体中，OPC 的增殖受到一种有趣的控制。
