Díez Mercedes, Oliva Jesús, Sánchez Fernando, Vives Nuria, Cevallos Carlos, Izquierdo Ana
Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida/Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Unidad de Epidemiología del VIH/Sida y Conductas de Riesgo, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
Gac Sanit. 2012 Mar-Apr;26(2):107-15. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.07.023. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
To describe the incidence of new HIV diagnoses and its trend in Spain.
All new HIV diagnoses notified to the case-registries of 15 autonomous regions (64% of the total Spanish population) in 2009 were analyzed. To evaluate trends from 2004 to 2009, data from only nine regions were available. Clinical-epidemiological data were obtained from the notification forms. Distributions of new HIV diagnoses and late diagnoses according to several variables were performed. The Poisson distribution was used to evaluate trends.
In 2009, 2264 new HIV diagnoses were notified, mostly in men (80%). The median age at diagnosis was 36 years (interquartile range 29-43) and 37.6% of affected individuals were immigrants, mostly from Latin-America and sub-Saharan Africa. The most common transmission category (42.5%) was men who have sex with men (MSM) followed by the heterosexual and parenteral modes of transmission (34.5% and 8.1%, respectively). The median CD4 count at diagnosis was 347 (interquartile range: 152-555), and CD4 count was <350 in 50.2% of patients. From 2004 to 2009, the mean incidence rate of new HIV diagnoses was 91.14 per million inhabitants; an increasing trend for rates in MSM, as well as a decreasing trend for the parenteral mode of transmission, were observed.
In Spain, the epidemiology of HIV infection has changed since the mid-1990s. Currently, the most frequent transmission category is sexual transmission, particularly among MSM, and immigrants are an important part of the epidemic. Heterogeneous trends for the three main transmission categories were observed from 2004 to 2009.
描述西班牙新确诊艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染病例的发生率及其趋势。
分析了2009年向15个自治区（占西班牙总人口的64%）的病例登记处报告的所有新确诊HIV感染病例。为评估2004年至2009年的趋势，仅获得了9个地区的数据。临床流行病学数据来自报告表。根据多个变量对新确诊HIV感染病例和晚期诊断病例的分布情况进行了分析。采用泊松分布评估趋势。
2009年报告了2264例新确诊的HIV感染病例，其中大多数为男性（80%）。确诊时的中位年龄为36岁（四分位间距为29 - 43岁），37.6%的感染者为移民，主要来自拉丁美洲和撒哈拉以南非洲。最常见的传播类别（42.5%）是男男性行为者（MSM），其次是异性传播和非肠道传播方式（分别为34.5%和8.1%）。确诊时的CD4细胞计数中位数为347（四分位间距：152 - 555），50.2%的患者CD4细胞计数<350。2004年至2009年，新确诊HIV感染病例的平均发病率为每百万居民91.14例；观察到MSM的发病率呈上升趋势，非肠道传播方式的发病率呈下降趋势。
自20世纪90年代中期以来，西班牙HIV感染的流行病学情况发生了变化。目前，最常见的传播类别是性传播，尤其是在MSM中，移民是该流行病的重要组成部分。2004年至2009年观察到三种主要传播类别的趋势存在异质性。
