UCL Centre for Health and Human Performance, University College London Hospitals, London.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Feb;112(4):615-26. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00788.2011. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
The skeletal response to short-term exercise training remains poorly described. We thus studied the lower limb skeletal response of 723 Caucasian male army recruits to a 12-wk training regime. Femoral bone volume was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging, bone ultrastructure by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip. Left hip BMD increased with training (mean ± SD: 0.85 ± 3.24, 2.93 ± 4.85, and 1.89 ± 2.85% for femoral neck, Ward's area, and total hip, respectively; all P < 0.001). Left calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation rose 3.57 ± 0.5% (P < 0.001), and left and right femoral cortical volume by 1.09 ± 4.05 and 0.71 ± 4.05%, respectively (P = 0.0001 and 0.003), largely through the rise in periosteal volume (0.78 ± 3.14 and 0.59 ± 2.58% for right and left, respectively, P < 0.001) with endosteal volumes unchanged. Before training, DXA and QUS measures were independent of limb dominance. However, the dominant femur had higher periosteal (25,991.49 vs. 2,5572 mm(3), P < 0.001), endosteal (6,063.33 vs. 5,983.12 mm(3), P = 0.001), and cortical volumes (19,928 vs. 19,589.56 mm(3), P = 0.001). Changes in DXA, QUS, and magnetic resonance imaging measures were independent of limb dominance. We show, for the first time, that short-term exercise training in young men is associated not only with a rise in human femoral BMD, but also in femoral bone volume, the latter largely through a periosteal response.
短期运动训练对骨骼的影响仍描述不足。因此，我们研究了 723 名白种人男性新兵在 12 周训练后的下肢骨骼反应。通过磁共振成像（MRI）评估股骨骨量，通过定量超声（QUS）评估骨超微结构，通过双能 X 线吸收法（DXA）评估髋部骨密度（BMD）。随着训练的进行，左髋部 BMD 增加（平均±标准差：股骨颈、Ward 区和全髋分别为 0.85±3.24%、2.93±4.85%和 1.89±2.85%；均 P＜0.001）。左跟骨宽带超声衰减增加 3.57±0.5%（P＜0.001），左右股骨皮质体积分别增加 1.09±4.05%和 0.71±4.05%（P=0.0001 和 0.003），主要通过骨膜体积的增加（右侧和左侧分别为 0.78±3.14%和 0.59±2.58%，P＜0.001），而骨内体积保持不变。在训练前，DXA 和 QUS 测量结果与肢体优势无关。然而，优势股骨的骨膜（25991.49 对 25572mm³，P＜0.001）、骨内（6063.33 对 6063.33mm³，P=0.001）和皮质体积（19928 对 19589.56mm³，P=0.001）均更高。DXA、QUS 和 MRI 测量的变化与肢体优势无关。我们首次表明，短期运动训练不仅与男性股骨 BMD 升高有关，还与股骨骨量增加有关，后者主要通过骨膜反应实现。
