Dikmen S, Machamer J, Temkin N, McLean A
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1990 Aug;12(4):507-19. doi: 10.1080/01688639008400997.
Neuropsychological outcome and recovery of a group of 31 consecutive adult patients with moderate to severe head injuries were prospectively investigated over a 2-year period. A friend control group was used for comparison purposes. Based on the results we conclude: (1) there is marked impairment of a broad spectrum of neuropsychological functions at 1, 12, and 24 months postinjury; (2) coma length is significantly related to neuropsychological status at all three time periods, although the relationship is weaker at 12 and 24 months; (3) marked improvement in all functions occurs in the first year, while recovery in the second year appears more specific and may depend on the severity of the injury and type of function; (4) practice effects and variability over repeated measures cause difficulties in determining recovery and need to be addressed with larger samples.
对连续31例中重度颅脑损伤成年患者进行了为期2年的前瞻性神经心理学转归及恢复情况调查。设立了一个朋友对照组用于比较。根据结果我们得出以下结论：(1) 伤后1个月、12个月和24个月时，广泛的神经心理学功能存在明显损害；(2) 昏迷时间在所有三个时间段均与神经心理学状态显著相关，尽管在12个月和24个月时这种关系较弱；(3) 所有功能在第一年都有显著改善，而第二年的恢复似乎更具特异性，可能取决于损伤的严重程度和功能类型；(4) 练习效应和重复测量的变异性给确定恢复情况带来困难，需要通过更大样本量来解决。
