Cohen Shuki J
Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 445 W 59th St rm# 2402, New York, NY 10019, USA.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2012 Oct;41(5):347-70. doi: 10.1007/s10936-011-9196-9.
Fanaticism and extremism are increasingly recognized as seminal to psychopathology and distress, especially considering the increase in political unrest and violence over the last decade. In the psychopathological literature, however, the cognitive style associated with extremism and overgeneralization has long been recognized as a risk factor for emotional distress, leading to both externalizing behavior (e.g. aggression) and internalizing pathology (e.g. depression). Despite its recognized importance, however, virtually no standardized measures of this cognitive style exist. Since direct inquiry about a respondent's Cognitive Rigidity, is likely to be biased, a text-analytical measure of extremism in spontaneous autobiographical narratives is proposed. In contrast to self-reports, naturally occurring speech often suggests cognitive proclivities towards overgeneralization, overconfidence or extremization. In this study, spoken autobiographical narratives were elicited from 483 participants, and contrasted with extensive mental health information using a hierarchical concordanced-keyword technique. The resulting corpus-based dictionary is context-sensitive, and exhibits significant correlations with measures of negative emotionality, with minimal association with response bias measures.
狂热和极端主义越来越被认为是精神病理学和痛苦的根源，尤其是考虑到过去十年政治动荡和暴力事件的增加。然而，在精神病理学文献中，与极端主义和过度概括相关的认知风格长期以来一直被认为是情绪困扰的一个风险因素，会导致外化行为（如攻击行为）和内化病理（如抑郁症）。然而，尽管其重要性已得到认可，但几乎不存在这种认知风格的标准化测量方法。由于直接询问受访者的认知僵化程度可能存在偏差，因此提出了一种通过对自发自传叙事中的极端主义进行文本分析的测量方法。与自我报告不同，自然产生的言语往往暗示出过度概括、过度自信或极端化的认知倾向。在本研究中，从483名参与者那里收集了口头自传叙事，并使用分层协调关键词技术将其与广泛的心理健康信息进行对比。由此产生的基于语料库的词典是上下文敏感的，并且与负面情绪测量指标呈现出显著的相关性，与反应偏差测量指标的关联最小。
