Kootallur B N, Thangavelu C P, Mani M
Microbiological Laboratory, 12A Cowley Brown Road (East), RS Puram, Coimbatore - 641 002, India.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2011 Oct-Dec;29(4):336-40. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.90156.
The major impetus for bacterial identification came after the advent of solid culture media. Morphological appearance of bacterial colonies was often sufficient for their identification in the laboratory. Even in modern times, preliminary identification of most cultivable bacteria is based on such morphological characters. Advances have been made media for the presumptive identification of common organisms encountered in clinical samples. Phenotypic characterisation of bacteria with, physiological tests with a battery of biochemical tests differentiate related bacterial genera as well as confirm their identity. . Each laboratory can select its own method(s) of identification, provided they are based on scientific / epidemiological evidence; clinical laboratory and standards institute (CLSI) is a widely accepted organization and laboratories in many parts of the world follow its recommendations for bacterial identification. Some of the latest advances in identification include Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF) is a state of art facility used for fast and reliable species-specific identification of bacteria including Mycobacteria and fungi including yeasts. However the single most important factor that decides the method of bacterial identification in any laboratory is the cost involved. In the final analysis, selection of tests for bacterial identification should be based on their standardization with proper scientific basis. Considering the cost and lack of easy availability of commercial kits, we have put forward a simplified and rapid method of identification for most commonly encountered bacterial pathogens causing human infection in India.
固体培养基出现后，细菌鉴定有了主要推动力。在实验室中，细菌菌落的形态外观通常足以用于鉴定。即使在现代，大多数可培养细菌的初步鉴定也是基于此类形态特征。在临床样本中常见生物的推测性鉴定培养基方面已有进展。通过一系列生化测试进行生理测试来对细菌进行表型特征分析，既可以区分相关细菌属，也能确认它们的身份。每个实验室都可以选择自己的鉴定方法，只要这些方法基于科学/流行病学证据；临床实验室和标准协会（CLSI）是一个被广泛接受的组织，世界许多地区的实验室都遵循其细菌鉴定建议。鉴定方面的一些最新进展包括基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF），这是一种先进的设备，用于快速、可靠地对包括分枝杆菌在内的细菌以及包括酵母在内的真菌进行物种特异性鉴定。然而，在任何实验室中决定细菌鉴定方法的最重要单一因素是成本。归根结底，细菌鉴定测试的选择应基于其具有适当科学依据的标准化。考虑到商业试剂盒成本高且不易获得，我们提出了一种针对印度最常见的引起人类感染的细菌病原体的简化快速鉴定方法。
