Burger Henry G
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research and Jean Hailes Centre for Women’s Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Menopause Int. 2011 Dec;17(4):153-4. doi: 10.1258/mi.2011.011026. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
The approach to menopause can be divided into the early (E) and late (L) menopausal transitions (MT) on the basis of menstrual irregularity (EMT) and subsequent observation of at least one episode of 60 or more days amenorrhoea (LMT). In total, 40-60% of cycles in the LMT are anovulatory, often with low oestradiol (E2) and high follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. The ovulatory cycles have variable endocrine characteristics, none of which is specific to EMT or LMT. Hormonal measurements of FSH and E2 are thus of little diagnostic value because of their unpredictable variability. Symptoms during the transitions may result from high or low E2 and can often be satisfactorily managed with low-dose oral contraceptives, which suppress pituitary-ovarian function.
根据月经不规律（早期绝经过渡，EMT）以及随后观察到至少一次闭经60天或更长时间（晚期绝经过渡，LMT），绝经的过程可分为早期和晚期绝经过渡。总体而言，晚期绝经过渡中40%-60%的月经周期无排卵，常常伴有低雌二醇（E2）和高促卵泡激素浓度。有排卵的周期具有可变的内分泌特征，没有一种特征是早期或晚期绝经过渡所特有的。因此，促卵泡激素（FSH）和雌二醇（E2）的激素测量诊断价值不大，因为其变化不可预测。过渡期间的症状可能由E2水平过高或过低引起，通常使用低剂量口服避孕药就可以得到满意的控制，这类药物可抑制垂体-卵巢功能。
