A social stress model of substance abuse.

The social stress model provides a framework for detecting protective factors that may contribute to adolescents' resiliency when confronted with compelling influences to engage in substance abuse. Parameters of the model were tested in 2 urban high school samples (N = 124) of Black (78%), White (16%), and Hispanic (6%) adolescents aged 12-14 years. Pretest and posttest measures, designed to detect the relative influence of stress, social networks, social competencies, and community resources on levels of students' usage, were completed at the beginning and end of the school year. The parameters of the model, estimated using LISREL7, indicated that the pathway from family characteristics to usage and from assertion to usage were significant. The paths from the remaining hypothesized variables were not significant. Implications for the design of prevention programs that facilitate youths' resiliency are discussed.