Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Feb;102(2):390-407. doi: 10.1037/a0026021. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
Sex and agreeableness were hypothesized to affect income, such that women and agreeable individuals were hypothesized to earn less than men and less agreeable individuals. Because agreeable men disconfirm (and disagreeable men confirm) conventional gender roles, agreeableness was expected to be more negatively related to income for men (i.e., the pay gap between agreeable men and agreeable women would be smaller than the gap between disagreeable men and disagreeable women). The hypotheses were supported across 4 studies. Study 1 confirmed the effects of sex and agreeableness on income and that the agreeableness-income relationship was significantly more negative for men than for women. Study 2 replicated these results, controlling for each of the other Big Five traits. Study 3 also replicated the interaction and explored explanations and paradoxes of the relationship. A 4th study, using an experimental design, yielded evidence for the argument that the joint effects of agreeableness and gender are due to backlash against agreeable men.
性别和宜人性被假设会影响收入，即女性和宜人性个体的收入预计低于男性和不那么宜人性个体。因为宜人性的男性不认同（而不那么宜人性的男性认同）传统的性别角色，因此宜人性与男性收入的关系预计更为负面（即宜人性男性与宜人性女性之间的收入差距将小于不那么宜人性男性与不那么宜人性女性之间的差距）。这些假设在 4 项研究中得到了支持。研究 1 证实了性别和宜人性对收入的影响，并且宜人性与收入的关系对男性的影响明显大于对女性的影响。研究 2 在控制了其他五大特质中的每一个特质后，复制了这些结果。研究 3 还复制了这种相互作用，并探讨了这种关系的解释和悖论。第 4 项研究使用实验设计，为以下论点提供了证据，即宜人性和性别共同作用的原因是对宜人性男性的强烈抵制。
