Hill Patrick L, Edmonds Grant W, Jackson Joshua J
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR.
Child Dev Perspect. 2019 Jun;13(2):116-120. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12322. Epub 2019 Apr 19.
Dispositional characteristics are associated with important life outcomes across the lifespan, often predicting outcomes decades in advance. Evidence has accrued to demonstrate that personality characteristics measured during childhood and adolescence show unique effects on later life outcomes above and beyond adult personality. Currently it is unclear why personality produces unique effects at different life stages, given the modest consistency of personality across the lifespan. The current article sets forth potential explanations for why these unique predictive effects may occur, charting multiple pathways that link childhood personality to later outcomes that differ from how adult personality influences the same products. We conclude by providing directions for future longitudinal investigations into when, why, and how assessments of childhood personality can help advance our understanding of lifespan development.
气质特征与整个人生阶段的重要生活结果相关联，常常能提前几十年预测结果。已有证据表明，在童年和青少年时期测量的人格特征对成年后的生活结果有着超乎成人个性的独特影响。鉴于人格在整个生命周期中的一致性较为适度，目前尚不清楚为什么人格会在不同的生命阶段产生独特的影响。本文提出了这些独特预测效应可能发生的潜在解释，勾勒了多条将童年人格与后期结果联系起来的途径，这些途径不同于成人人格对相同结果的影响方式。我们通过为未来的纵向研究提供方向来结束本文，这些研究旨在探讨童年人格评估何时、为何以及如何有助于推进我们对生命周期发展的理解。
