GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2011;59(1):22-7. doi: 10.1159/000332070. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
Vitamin D is essential for a vast number of physiologic processes, and thus adequate levels are necessary or advantageous for optimal health. During childhood and adolescence, an adequate vitamin D status is needed due to its important role in cell growth, skeletal structure, and development.
To review the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, focusing especially on children.
Narrative review.
Low vitamin D concentrations seem to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Regular sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation in early childhood may offer protection against the development of type 1 diabetes. Epidemiological evidence supports the importance of adequate vitamin D levels for the prevention of a number of cancers, mainly breast and colorectal ones. There seems to be an inverse relation between 25(OH)D serum concentrations and cardiovascular diseases, some components of the metabolic syndrome, and physical fitness.
Lifestyle and appropriate nutrition may prevent the long-term effect of hypovitaminosis D beyond mineral and bone metabolism.
维生素 D 对大量生理过程至关重要，因此为了达到最佳健康状态，需要有足够的维生素 D 水平。在儿童和青少年时期，由于维生素 D 在细胞生长、骨骼结构和发育方面的重要作用，因此需要足够的维生素 D 状态。
综述维生素 D 的骨骼外作用，尤其关注儿童。
叙述性综述。
低维生素 D 浓度似乎与全因死亡率显著相关。在儿童早期定期进行阳光照射和维生素 D 补充可能有助于预防 1 型糖尿病的发生。流行病学证据支持足够的维生素 D 水平对于预防多种癌症（主要是乳腺癌和结直肠癌）的重要性。25(OH)D 血清浓度与心血管疾病、代谢综合征的一些成分和身体健康之间似乎存在反比关系。
生活方式和适当的营养可能会预防维生素 D 缺乏症对矿物质和骨骼代谢以外的长期影响。
