Luder E, Ceysens-Okada E, Koren-Roth A, Martinez-Weber C
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Oct;90(10):1387-92.
Homeless persons eat foods from municipal and privately run shelters, fast-food restaurants, delicatessens, and garbage bins. Data on the adequacy of the diets and the nutritional status of homeless persons are sparse. Therefore, we surveyed the nutritional adequacy of the dietary intake, the quality of shelter meals, and objective clinical parameters indicative of nutritional status in a heterogeneous group of urban homeless persons. The group comprised mentally ill persons, alcohol and illicit drug users, and temporarily unemployed persons. Although 86 of the 96 subjects (90%) in our survey reported that they obtained enough to eat, a low dietary adequacy score, which was based on the basic four food groups, of 10.7 (norm = 16) indicated that the quality of their diets was inadequate. Shelter meals and diet records showed a high level of saturated fat and cholesterol. Serum cholesterol levels above the desirable limit of 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg) were observed in 79 subjects (82%). In addition to a prevalence of hypertension and obesity (observed in 37 subjects [39%], these homeless persons were at high risk for development of or worsening of cardiovascular disease. We conclude that homeless persons who obtain meals at shelters are getting enough to eat. However, the shelter meals should be modified to meet the nutritional needs and dietary prescriptions of the large number of clients who suffer from various health disorders.
无家可归者食用来自市政和私人经营的收容所、快餐店、熟食店以及垃圾桶里的食物。关于无家可归者饮食充足性和营养状况的数据非常稀少。因此，我们调查了一组不同类型的城市无家可归者的饮食摄入营养充足性、收容所膳食质量以及表明营养状况的客观临床参数。该群体包括精神疾病患者、酗酒和吸毒者以及临时失业者。尽管我们调查的96名受试者中有86名（90%）报告称他们有足够的食物吃，但基于基本四大食物组得出的低饮食充足得分10.7（标准分 = 16）表明他们的饮食质量不足。收容所的膳食和饮食记录显示饱和脂肪和胆固醇含量很高。79名受试者（82%）的血清胆固醇水平高于5.17 mmol/L（200毫克）的理想上限。除了高血压和肥胖症的患病率（在37名受试者中观察到[39%]）外，这些无家可归者患心血管疾病或病情恶化的风险很高。我们得出结论，在收容所就餐的无家可归者有足够的食物吃。然而，收容所的膳食应加以改进，以满足众多患有各种健康问题的受助者的营养需求和饮食规定。
