Addiction Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
J Addict Med. 2012 Mar;6(1):1-9. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31823ae540.
To review the evolution of the paradigm of recovery in addiction and its implications.
A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases over the past 10 years and key references from the retrieved literature.
The historical evolution of the concept of recovery has been shaped by several driving forces, including consumer experience, the need to better define our treatment outcome and parallel elaboration of the concepts of health, quality of life, and chronic disorders. Similarities and differences with the concept of "recovery" in mental health and other biomedical fields are identified.The empirical basis is growing in support of various proposed attributions and features of recovery along with the temporal benchmarks involved. The various forms of recovery, such as "natural," "transformational," or "medication-assisted," describe a choice of pathways to a common goal.The management implications are far-reaching and call for system shifts from acute stabilization to sustained recovery, including the growth of alternative institutions, and roles complementary to mutual help. Tools for the sustenance of recovery, including educational kits, recovery workbooks, and e-recovery initiatives, are developing.
Although first-person accounts of recovery abound, a more systematic empirical investigation of the concept has just begun, including demographic and cultural differences. Management implications are derived from the experience with other "mainstream" chronic disorders with treatment providing stabilization and initiation of recovery and a range of long-term resources becoming available to sustain it.
回顾成瘾康复范式的演变及其意义。
对过去 10 年 MEDLINE 和 PsychInfo 数据库以及检索文献中的关键参考文献进行了系统的文献回顾。
恢复概念的历史演变受到多种驱动因素的影响，包括消费者体验、更好地定义我们的治疗结果的需求以及健康、生活质量和慢性疾病概念的平行阐述。确定了与心理健康和其他生物医学领域的“康复”概念的相似之处和差异。越来越多的实证依据支持各种提出的康复归因和特征，以及所涉及的时间基准。“自然”、“变革性”或“药物辅助”等各种形式的恢复描述了通向共同目标的不同途径。管理意义深远，呼吁从急性稳定向持续恢复转变，包括替代机构的发展和互助互补的角色。正在开发用于维持恢复的工具，包括教育工具包、恢复工作手册和电子恢复计划。
尽管有大量关于康复的第一人称叙述，但对该概念的更系统的实证研究才刚刚开始，包括人口统计学和文化差异。管理意义来自于其他“主流”慢性疾病的经验，治疗提供了稳定和启动康复的机会，并且有一系列长期资源可以维持康复。
