CDC-NIOSH, DART, EPHB, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2012;75(2):100-11. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2011.615109.
The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers of acrylamide exposure, including hemoglobin adducts and urinary metabolites in acrylamide production workers. Biomarkers are integrated measures of the internal dose, and it is total acrylamide dose from all routes and sources that may present health risks. Workers from three companies were studied. Workers potentially exposed to acrylamide monomer wore personal breathing-zone air samplers. Air samples and surface-wipe samples were collected and analyzed for acrylamide. General-area air samples were collected in chemical processing units and control rooms. Hemoglobin adducts were isolated from ethylenediamine teraacetic acid (EDTA)-whole blood, and adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide, at the N-terminal valines of hemoglobin, were cleaved from the protein chain by use of a modified Edman reaction. Full work-shift, personal breathing zone, and general-area air samples were collected and analyzed for particulate and acrylamide monomer vapor. The highest general-area concentration of acrylamide vapor was 350 μg/cm(3) in monomer production. Personal breathing zone and general-area concentrations of acrylamide vapor were found to be highest in monomer production operations, and lower levels were in the polymer production operations. Adduct levels varied widely among workers, with the highest in workers in the monomer and polymer production areas. The acrylamide adduct range was 15-1884 pmol/g; glycidamide adducts ranged from 17.8 to 1376 p/mol/g. The highest acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels were found among monomer production process operators. The primary urinary metabolite N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl) cysteine (NACEC) ranged from the limit of detection to 15.4 μg/ml. Correlation of workplace exposure and sentinel health effects is needed to determine and control safe levels of exposure for regulatory standards.
本研究旨在评估丙烯酰胺暴露的生物标志物，包括丙烯酰胺生产工人的血红蛋白加合物和尿液代谢物。生物标志物是内剂量的综合测量指标，可能对健康构成风险的是所有途径和来源的丙烯酰胺总剂量。研究了三家公司的工人。可能接触丙烯酰胺单体的工人佩戴个人呼吸区空气采样器。收集和分析空气样本和表面擦拭样本中的丙烯酰胺。在化学处理单元和控制室收集一般区域空气样本。从乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）-全血中分离出血红蛋白加合物，并用改良的 Edman 反应从蛋白质链上裂解出血红蛋白 N 末端缬氨酸上的丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺加合物。收集并分析了整个轮班、个人呼吸区和一般区域的空气样本，以检测颗粒物和丙烯酰胺单体蒸气。单体生产中丙烯酰胺蒸气的最高一般区域浓度为 350 μg/cm³。在单体生产操作中发现个人呼吸区和一般区域的丙烯酰胺蒸气浓度最高，而在聚合物生产操作中浓度较低。工人之间的加合物水平差异很大，单体和聚合物生产区域的工人加合物水平最高。丙烯酰胺加合物范围为 15-1884 pmol/g；缩水甘油酰胺加合物范围为 17.8-1376 p/mol/g。单体生产过程操作人员的丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺加合物水平最高。主要的尿液代谢物 N-乙酰-S-(2-氨甲酰基乙基)半胱氨酸（NACEC）的范围从检测限到 15.4μg/ml。需要对工作场所暴露和哨兵健康影响进行相关性研究，以确定和控制监管标准下的安全暴露水平。
