Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Child Lang. 2012 Sep;39(4):899-918. doi: 10.1017/S0305000911000407. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
Using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, language comprehension and production were compared in a sample of 101,250 children aged 2 ; 00 to 9 ; 11 and a focus subsample of 38,845 children aged 2 ; 00 to 4 ; 11 from sixteen under-researched developing nations. In the whole sample, comprehension slightly exceeded production; correlations between comprehension and production by country were positive and significant, but varied in size, and the average correlation was positive, significant, and small to medium. Mean comprehension and production varied with child age, reaching an asymptote at 5 ; 00, and correlations between comprehension and production by age were positive, significant, and similar at each age. In the focus subsample, comprehension exceeded production; correlations between comprehension and production by country were positive and significant, but varied in size, and the average correlation was positive, significant, and medium in size. Children in countries with lower standards of living were less likely to demonstrate basic language comprehension or production.
采用多指标聚类调查方法，在年龄为 2 岁 0 月至 9 岁 11 月的 101250 名儿童和年龄为 2 岁 0 月至 4 岁 11 月的 38845 名儿童的聚焦子样本中比较了语言理解和表达能力。在整个样本中，理解能力略高于表达能力；各国的理解和表达能力之间的相关性呈正相关且显著，但大小不同，平均相关性为正，显著，且为小到中等。理解和表达的平均水平随儿童年龄的增长而变化，在 5 岁时达到一个渐近线，并且在每个年龄阶段，理解和表达之间的相关性均为正，显著，相似。在聚焦子样本中，理解能力超过了表达能力；各国的理解和表达能力之间的相关性呈正相关且显著，但大小不同，平均相关性为正，显著，且中等大小。生活水平较低国家的儿童更不可能表现出基本的语言理解或表达能力。
