Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;23(1):41-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.09.004. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis is a complex process that depends on pancreatic islet hormone secretion. Hormone secretion from islets is coupled to calcium entry which results from regenerative islet cell electrical activity. Therefore, the ionic mechanisms that regulate calcium entry into islet cells are crucial for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including five located in or near ion-channel or associated subunit genes, which show an association with human diseases characterized by dysglycemia. This review focuses on polymorphisms and mutations in ion-channel genes that are associated with perturbations in human glucose homeostasis and discusses their potential roles in modulating pancreatic islet hormone secretion.
维持血糖稳态是一个复杂的过程,依赖于胰岛激素的分泌。胰岛激素的分泌与钙内流耦联,而钙内流则源于胰岛细胞的再生电活动。因此,调节胰岛细胞钙内流的离子机制对于维持正常的血糖稳态至关重要。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)已经确定了单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),包括五个位于离子通道或相关亚基基因内或附近的 SNPs,这些 SNPs 与以血糖异常为特征的人类疾病有关。本综述重点讨论了与人类葡萄糖稳态失调相关的离子通道基因突变和多态性,并讨论了它们在调节胰岛激素分泌中的潜在作用。