Hoang Do Oanh, Thorn Peter
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015 Apr;42(4):406-14. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12368.
The control of hormone secretion is central to body homeostasis, and its dysfunction is important in many diseases. The key cellular steps that lead to hormone secretion have been identified, and the stimulus-secretion pathway is understood in outline for many endocrine cells. In the case of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, this pathway involves the uptake of glucose, cell depolarization, calcium entry, and the triggering of the fusion of insulin-containing granules with the cell membrane. The wealth of information on the control of insulin secretion has largely been obtained from isolated single-cell studies. However, physiologically, beta cells exist within the islets of Langerhans, with structural and functional specializations that are not preserved in single-cell cultures. This review focuses on recent work that is revealing distinct aspects of insulin secretion from beta cells within the islet.
激素分泌的控制是机体稳态的核心，其功能障碍在许多疾病中都很重要。导致激素分泌的关键细胞步骤已被确定，并且许多内分泌细胞的刺激-分泌途径已大致明了。就胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素而言，该途径涉及葡萄糖摄取、细胞去极化、钙内流以及含胰岛素颗粒与细胞膜融合的触发。关于胰岛素分泌控制的大量信息主要来自分离的单细胞研究。然而，在生理上，β细胞存在于胰岛内，其结构和功能特化在单细胞培养中无法保留。本综述聚焦于揭示胰岛内β细胞胰岛素分泌不同方面的近期研究工作。
