Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027719. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
The in vivo studies of myocardial infarct using c-ki⁺/Lin⁻ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are still in the early stage with margin or no beneficial effects for cardiac function. One of the potential reasons may be related to the absence of fully understanding the properties of these cells both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to systematically examine how CSCs adapted to in vitro cell processes and whether there is any cell contamination after long-term culture. Human CSCs were enzymatically isolated from the atrial appendages of patients. The fixed tissue sections, freshly isolated or cultured CSCs were then used for identification of c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ cells, detection of cell contamination, or differentiation of cardiac lineages. By specific antibody staining, we demonstrated that tissue sections from atrial appendages contained less than 0.036% c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ cells. For the first time, we noted that without magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), the percentages of c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ cells gradually increased up to ∼40% during continuously culture between passage 2 to 8, but could not exceed >80% unless c-kit MACS was carried out. The resulting c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ cells were negative for CD34, CD45, CD133, and Lin markers, but positive for KDR and CD31 in few patients after c-kit MACS. Lin depletion seemed unnecessary for enrichment of c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ cell population. Following induced differentiation, c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ CSCs demonstrated strong differentiation towards cardiomyocytes but less towards smooth and endothelial cells. We concluded that by using an enzymatic dissociation method, a large number, or higher percentage, of relative pure human CSCs with stable expression of c-kit⁺ could be obtained from atrial appendage specimens within ∼4 weeks following c-kit MACS without Lin depletion. This simple but cost-effective approach can be used to obtain enough numbers of stably-expressed c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ cells for clinical trials in repairing myocardial infarction.
使用 c-ki⁺/Lin⁻ 心脏干细胞 (CSC) 进行心肌梗死的体内研究仍处于早期阶段,对心脏功能几乎没有有益影响。其中一个潜在的原因可能与对这些细胞在体外和体内的特性缺乏充分了解有关。在本研究中,我们旨在系统地研究 CSC 如何适应体外细胞过程,以及在长期培养后是否存在任何细胞污染。我们从患者的心房附件中酶解分离人 CSC。然后使用固定组织切片、新鲜分离或培养的 CSC 来鉴定 c-kit⁺/Lin⁻ 细胞、检测细胞污染或心脏谱系的分化。通过特异性抗体染色,我们证明心房附件组织切片中含有小于 0.036%的 c-kit⁺/Lin⁻细胞。我们首次注意到,未经磁激活细胞分选 (MACS),在第 2 至 8 代连续培养过程中,c-kit⁺/Lin⁻细胞的百分比逐渐增加至约 40%,但除非进行 c-kit MACS,否则无法超过>80%。经过 c-kit MACS 处理后,少数患者的所得 c-kit⁺/Lin⁻细胞对 CD34、CD45、CD133 和 Lin 标志物呈阴性,但对 KDR 和 CD31 呈阳性。Lin 耗竭似乎对富集 c-kit⁺/Lin⁻细胞群体不是必需的。诱导分化后,c-kit⁺/Lin⁻CSC 表现出强烈向心肌细胞分化的能力,但向平滑肌和内皮细胞分化的能力较弱。我们得出结论,通过使用酶解分离方法,在进行 c-kit MACS 后约 4 周内,从心房附件标本中可以获得大量或更高百分比的相对纯的、稳定表达 c-kit⁺的人 CSC,而无需进行 Lin 耗竭。这种简单但具有成本效益的方法可用于获得足够数量的稳定表达 c-kit⁺/Lin⁻细胞,用于治疗心肌梗死的临床试验。