Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Jan;60(1):24-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03774.x. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
To compare the risk profiles of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes in a population-based elderly sample.
Cross-sectional study.
The population-based Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.
Seven hundred fifty-seven English-speaking, community-dwelling individuals without dementia aged 70 to 90.
Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were used to diagnose MCI and its subtypes, categorized as amnestic (aMCI) or nonamnestic (naMCI) and as single- (sdMCI) or multiple- (mdMCI) domain. Risk profiles were derived from sociodemographic; lifestyle; and cardiac, physical, mental, and general health data. Whole-sample and sex-specific comparisons between aMCI and naMCI and between mdMCI and sdMCI were made using age- (and sex-) adjusted multiple regressions comprising initially significant univariate factors.
Risk factors for MCI were presence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, heart disease, high homocysteine, poor odor identification ability, low visual acuity, and lower mental activity. The odds of having naMCI rather than aMCI were lower with greater levels of social activity and greater if taking antihypertensives, the latter particularly in men. The odds of naMCI were greater in men taking antidepressants or with a longer 6-meter walk time and in women with hypertension. The odds of having mdMCI rather than sdMCI were greater in participants with a history of depression or having the APOE ε4 allele. Greater odds of mdMCI were also associated with lower mental activity, particularly for women. For men, the odds of mdMCI were greater with the APOE ε4 allele and lower if diagnosed with high cholesterol.
MCI subtypes exhibit distinctive, sex-dependent risk profiles. This is consistent with MCI subtypes having different etiologies and outcomes and supports the idea that subtyping MCI may offer predictive validity and clinical application.
比较基于人群的老年样本中轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 亚型的风险特征。
横断面研究。
基于人群的悉尼记忆与衰老研究。
757 名年龄在 70 至 90 岁、讲英语、居住在社区的无痴呆症个体。
使用全面的神经心理学评估来诊断 MCI 及其亚型,分为遗忘型 (aMCI) 或非遗忘型 (naMCI) 以及单一 (sdMCI) 或多领域 (mdMCI)。风险特征来源于社会人口统计学、生活方式以及心脏、身体、精神和一般健康数据。使用年龄(和性别)调整的多元回归对 aMCI 和 naMCI 以及 mdMCI 和 sdMCI 进行全样本和性别特异性比较,纳入最初具有显著意义的单变量因素。
MCI 的危险因素包括载脂蛋白 E (APOE) ε4 等位基因、心脏病、高同型半胱氨酸、嗅觉识别能力差、视力差和精神活动水平低。与 aMCI 相比,naMCI 发生的可能性较低,社会活动水平较高或服用抗高血压药物的可能性较高,后者在男性中尤其如此。服用抗抑郁药或 6 米步行时间较长的男性以及患有高血压的女性,naMCI 的可能性更大。与 sdMCI 相比,患有抑郁症或携带 APOE ε4 等位基因的参与者发生 mdMCI 的可能性更大。精神活动水平较低也与发生 mdMCI 的可能性较大有关,尤其是女性。对于男性,携带 APOE ε4 等位基因与发生 mdMCI 的可能性较高有关,而高胆固醇诊断与可能性较低有关。
MCI 亚型表现出独特的、性别依赖的风险特征。这与 MCI 亚型具有不同的病因和结局一致,并支持将 MCI 亚型分类可能提供预测有效性和临床应用的观点。