Brain & Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of South Wales, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randick, Australia.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012 Oct;20(10):854-65. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31825461b0.
: To examine age- and sex-related differences in risk and protective factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-based elderly individuals.
: Cross-sectional study.
: The population-based Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.
: A total of 757 nondemented, community-dwelling elderly individuals from an English-speaking background categorized as younger (70-79 years) or older (80-90 years).
: Risk of MCI was determined for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiac, physical, mental, and general health factors using age- (and sex-) adjusted multiple regressions comprising initially significant univariate factors.
: The point prevalence of MCI within our sample was 39.1% overall: it was lowest in younger women (32.3%) and similar across men and older women (41.9%-43.6%). The risk of MCI across all participants was increased by the APOE ∊4 allele, high homocysteine, and heart disease; and decreased by better odor identification, visual acuity, and mental activity. Risk factors in all younger participants were slow 6-m walk, poor odor identification, and high homocysteine. Risk of MCI was associated in younger women with history of depression, less mental activity, slower 6-m walk, poorer visual acuity, and higher homocysteine; and in younger men with poorer odor identification and higher homocysteine. Older participants showed no significant risk factors for MCI, except for poorer visual acuity in men. Supporting these findings were statistically significant interactions that reflected the differences in risk factor profiles between age and/or sex groups.
: Risk factors for MCI differ in men and women and vary with age. This has implications for preventing MCI and possibly dementia.
探讨社区老年人轻度认知障碍（MCI）的风险和保护因素在年龄和性别上的差异。
横断面研究。
基于人群的悉尼记忆与衰老研究。
共有 757 名无痴呆、居住在社区的以英语为母语的老年人，分为年轻组（70-79 岁）和老年组（80-90 岁）。
使用年龄（和性别）调整的多元回归分析，包括最初有意义的单变量因素，确定社会人口统计学、生活方式以及心脏、身体、精神和一般健康因素与 MCI 的风险关系。
在我们的样本中，MCI 的点患病率总体为 39.1%：年轻女性（32.3%）最低，男性和老年女性（41.9%-43.6%）相似。所有参与者的 MCI 风险增加与 APOE ∊4 等位基因、高同型半胱氨酸和心脏病有关；与嗅觉识别能力、视力和精神活动较好有关。所有年轻参与者的风险因素是 6 米步行速度较慢、嗅觉识别能力差和同型半胱氨酸水平较高。年轻女性的 MCI 风险与抑郁史、精神活动较少、6 米步行速度较慢、视力较差和同型半胱氨酸水平较高有关；年轻男性的 MCI 风险与嗅觉识别能力差和同型半胱氨酸水平较高有关。老年参与者除了男性视力较差外，没有发现 MCI 的显著风险因素。这些发现支持了统计学上显著的交互作用，反映了年龄和/或性别组之间风险因素特征的差异。
MCI 的风险因素在男性和女性中不同，并且随年龄而变化。这对预防 MCI 甚至痴呆具有重要意义。
