Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Brain Res Bull. 2012 May 1;88(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.11.017. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting 35 million people today. The search for new treatments is made ever more urgent by prospects for increasing prevalence due to population aging. Mouse models are one of the most important research tools for finding new treatments for AD. Here, we review those models. We begin by briefly reviewing the AD genetics on which mouse models are based and then consider the most common mouse models of AD, including mice transgenic for human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and beta-amyloid (Aβ), mice expressing mutant presenilin genes, mice modeling tau's role in AD, and apolipoprotein E models. The discussion highlights key features and important differences between these mouse models. We conclude with a discussion about the role of AD mouse models in the translational pipeline.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆症最常见的病因，目前影响着 3500 万人。由于人口老龄化，预计 AD 的患病率将会增加，因此对新疗法的探索变得更加紧迫。小鼠模型是寻找 AD 新疗法的最重要的研究工具之一。在这里，我们将对这些模型进行综述。我们首先简要回顾一下 AD 的遗传基础，然后考虑 AD 的最常见的小鼠模型，包括表达人淀粉样前体蛋白（hAPP）和β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）的转基因小鼠、表达突变早老素基因的小鼠、模拟 AD 中 tau 作用的小鼠以及载脂蛋白 E 模型。讨论强调了这些小鼠模型之间的关键特征和重要差异。最后，我们讨论了 AD 小鼠模型在转化研究中的作用。
