Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1239:14-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06257.x.
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has long been implicated in aspects of learning and adaptive decision making in changeable environments, but its precise role has remained elusive. One potential reason is that anatomical and functional distinctions within the OFC have often been overlooked. Here, we review findings centered largely on recent lesion studies in macaque monkeys from our laboratories that have investigated the causal role of the lateral and medial parts of the OFC (LOFC and MOFC) in choice behavior in uncertain, multioption environments. MOFC appears necessary for focusing attention on only the relevant decision variables to achieve a goal. By contrast, LOFC is required to allow rapid learning in changeable environments by enabling the credit for a particular outcome to be assigned to a specific choice.
眶额皮层（OFC）长期以来一直被认为与变化环境中的学习和适应性决策方面有关，但它的确切作用一直难以捉摸。一个潜在的原因是，OFC 内部的解剖和功能差异经常被忽视。在这里，我们回顾了主要基于我们实验室最近对猕猴的病变研究的发现，这些研究调查了 OFC 的外侧和内侧部分（LOFC 和 MOFC）在不确定的多选项环境中对选择行为的因果作用。MOFC 似乎对于将注意力仅集中在相关决策变量上以实现目标是必要的。相比之下，LOFC 通过允许将特定结果的信用分配给特定选择，从而使快速学习在变化的环境中成为可能。
