Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1239:33-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06277.x.
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) impairs decision making, but the underlying value computations that cause such impairments remain unclear. Both the OFC and ACC encode a wide variety of signals correlated with decision making. The current challenge is to determine how these two different areas support decision-making processes. Here, we review a series of experiments that have helped define these roles. A special population of neurons in the ACC, but not the OFC, multiplex value information across decision parameters using a unified encoding scheme, and encode reward prediction errors. In contrast, neurons in the OFC, but not the ACC, encode the value of a choice relative to the recent history of choice values. Together, these results suggest complementary valuation processes: OFC neurons dynamically evaluate current choices relative to the value contexts recently experienced, while ACC neurons encode choice predictions and prediction errors using a common valuation currency reflecting the integration of multiple decision parameters.
眶额皮层（OFC）和前扣带皮层（ACC）的损伤会损害决策能力，但导致这种损伤的潜在价值计算仍不清楚。OFC 和 ACC 都编码了与决策相关的各种信号。目前的挑战是确定这两个不同的区域如何支持决策过程。在这里，我们回顾了一系列有助于定义这些角色的实验。ACC 中有一种特殊的神经元群体，但不是 OFC，它们使用统一的编码方案对决策参数进行价值信息的多路复用编码，并编码奖励预测误差。相比之下，OFC 中的神经元，但不是 ACC 中的神经元，编码相对于最近选择值历史的选择的价值。总的来说，这些结果表明了互补的估值过程：OFC 神经元相对于最近经历的价值环境动态地评估当前的选择，而 ACC 神经元使用反映多个决策参数整合的通用估值货币来编码选择预测和预测误差。
