Braithwaite M G, Braithwaite B D
1st Armoured Field Ambulance RAMC.
J Soc Occup Med. 1990 Autumn;40(3):105-10. doi: 10.1093/occmed/40.3.105.
Simulator sickness describes a symptom reported by aircrew during or after flight simulator training. Some features are common to motion sickness but others, which are unusual during real flight, are believed to result specifically from the simulator environment. This paper describes the results of a questionnaire study examining the incidence and factors influencing simulator sickness in any army training system. Case histories are described and conclusions drawn with respect to health and safety, training and the effect on flight operations. One hundred and fifteen aircrew were registered in the questionnaire study. Data were collected from a history questionnaire, a post-sortie report and a delayed report form. Sixty-nine per cent of aircrew gave a history of symptoms in the simulator and 59.9 per cent experienced at least one symptom during the study period although few symptoms were rated as being other than slight. Only 3.6 per cent of subjects reported symptoms of disequilibrium. Comparative analysis of the results was performed after scoring symptoms to produce a sickness rating. This showed: association between simulator-induced sickness and greater flying experience; adaptation to the simulator environment; a history of sea sickness may predict susceptibility to simulator sickness; and no association of crew role and simulator sickness. Although some authorities believe simulator sickness to be a potential flight safety hazard there was little evidence from this study. Guidelines for the prevention of the problem are presented now that many factors have been identified. A general policy to 'ground' aircrew for a period following simulator training is not necessary, but severe cases should be assessed individually.
模拟器病描述了飞行机组人员在飞行模拟器训练期间或之后报告的一种症状。有些特征与晕动病相同，但其他一些在实际飞行中不常见的特征被认为是由模拟器环境特别导致的。本文描述了一项问卷调查研究的结果，该研究调查了任何陆军训练系统中模拟器病的发生率及影响因素。文中描述了病例史，并就健康与安全、训练以及对飞行操作的影响得出了结论。115名飞行机组人员参与了该问卷调查研究。数据收集自一份病史问卷、一份飞行后报告和一份延迟报告表。69%的飞行机组人员有在模拟器中出现症状的病史，59.9%的人在研究期间至少经历了一种症状，不过很少有症状被评为严重程度超过轻微。只有3.6%的受试者报告了失衡症状。在对症状进行评分以得出疾病评级后，对结果进行了比较分析。结果显示：模拟器诱发的疾病与更丰富的飞行经验之间存在关联；对模拟器环境的适应情况；晕船史可能预示着对模拟器病的易感性；以及机组人员角色与模拟器病之间无关联。尽管一些权威机构认为模拟器病是一种潜在的飞行安全隐患，但本研究几乎没有证据支持这一点。鉴于已确定了许多因素，现提出预防该问题的指导方针。在模拟器训练后对飞行机组人员进行一段时间的“停飞”这一普遍政策没有必要，但严重病例应进行个别评估。
