Lutz G E, Stuart M J, Sim F H, Scott S G
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1990 Oct;65(10):1322-9. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62143-0.
A wide spectrum of protocols is available for rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and little agreement exists on the specifics of strengthening exercises or the sequence of activities. In this article, we discuss the current rehabilitative techniques used at the Mayo Clinic for athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. These techniques are based on established principles of rehabilitation, clinical experience, and new information about the related biomechanics of the knee. An illustrative case reflects the benefits of this rehabilitation program, which lasts up to 1 year and is divided into five stages. The early stages focus on protected mobilization and a strengthening program that emphasizes closed rather than open kinetic chain exercises. Later, neuromuscular-proprioceptive training and sport-specific agility training redevelop the reaction time and the "coordination engrams" necessary for athletic competition. High-quality surgical care and a closely supervised rehabilitation program, based on kinesiologic and biomechanical factors as they pertain to the anterior cruciate ligament, are necessary for a successful outcome.
前交叉韧带重建术后有多种康复方案可供选择，对于强化训练的具体内容或活动顺序，目前尚未达成共识。在本文中，我们将讨论梅奥诊所针对接受前交叉韧带重建术的运动员所采用的当前康复技术。这些技术基于既定的康复原则、临床经验以及有关膝关节相关生物力学的新信息。一个实例说明了这个为期长达一年且分为五个阶段的康复计划的益处。早期阶段着重于受保护的活动能力训练以及强化训练计划，该计划强调闭链运动而非开链运动练习。后期则进行神经肌肉本体感觉训练和特定运动的敏捷性训练，以重新培养运动竞赛所需的反应时间和“协调记忆”。高质量的手术治疗以及基于与前交叉韧带相关的运动学和生物力学因素进行密切监督的康复计划，是取得成功结果的必要条件。
