Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Apr;78:99-109. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.009. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
Oil spill responders require information on the relative toxicity of dispersed and un-dispersed oil in order to make informed decisions regarding the use of chemical dispersants during spill events. Toxicity of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and the chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF; via the dispersant Corexit 9500) of weathered Prudhoe Bay crude oil was investigated using adult and embryonic topsmelt; topsmelt are an ecologically important atherinid in California bays and estuaries and an important indicator species. Following 96-h exposures, metabolite profiles were measured using 1D (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and compared via principal component analysis. Similar metabolic profiles were obtained between WAF- and CEWAF-exposed adults and embryos. Although metabolic changes, for the adults lacked significance, significant increasing and decreasing metabolic changes were observed for embryos directly exposed. Furthermore, no mortality was observed for embryos, exposed to WAF and normal development occurred, whereas CEWAF exposed embryos lead to mortality and cardiovascular abnormalities. Observed toxicological information, specifically for developing fish, can aide resource managers in the relative risk of treating oil spills with dispersant.
溢油应急人员需要了解分散和未分散的油的相对毒性，以便在溢油事件中做出有关使用化学分散剂的明智决策。使用成年和胚胎小口黑鲈研究了风化的普拉德霍湾原油的水容纳部分（WAF）和通过分散剂 Corexit 9500 增强的水容纳部分（CEWAF）的毒性；小口黑鲈是加利福尼亚湾和河口生态重要的脂鲤科鱼类，也是重要的指示物种。在 96 小时暴露后，使用一维（1）H 核磁共振（NMR）光谱测量代谢物谱，并通过主成分分析进行比较。在 WAF 和 CEWAF 暴露的成年鱼和胚胎之间获得了相似的代谢谱。尽管代谢变化对成年鱼没有意义，但直接暴露的胚胎观察到明显的代谢增加和减少。此外，暴露于 WAF 的胚胎没有死亡，并且正常发育，而暴露于 CEWAF 的胚胎则导致死亡和心血管异常。观察到的毒理学信息，特别是对于发育中的鱼类，可以帮助资源管理者评估使用分散剂处理溢油的相对风险。
