School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 May 4;186(1-2):58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.046. Epub 2011 Nov 20.
The increasing cost of production loss caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) highlights the importance of good control programs. However, the endemic nature of anthelmintic resistance also reminds of the need for nonchemical options. Both chemical and nonchemical control options need to be integrated into regional parasite management programs (IPM) with the emphasis on component options determined by factors such as major GIN species, regional climate, property size and enterprise structure. The Integrated Parasite Management of Sheep project was established to develop and demonstrate regional parasite control programs, that integrated chemical and nonchemical options, for the main sheep-producing regions of Australia. The project included research about the ecology of the main endo and ecto-parasites of sheep and a national survey of parasite control practices by sheep producers. IPM approaches developed for two contrasting regions of Australia are discussed. Barriers for the adoption of IPM programs include perceived complexity associated with a multi-component approach, time requirements and difficulty. Facilitating the industry adoption of IPM programs is discussed with relevance to the use of small group extension and involvement of the commercial sector. Perceptions of complexity of IPM may be managed by facilitating adoption of components in a step-wise process such that learning outcomes accumulate over time. Extension efforts must address the needs of industry sectors other than sheep producers and explore user pay approaches. The success of these approaches will depend on the relation of the extra profit to producers, through adoption of IPM programs, with remuneration sufficient to attract a commercial service.
由胃肠道线虫（GIN）引起的生产成本增加突出了良好控制计划的重要性。然而，驱虫剂耐药性的地方性也提醒人们需要非化学选择。化学和非化学控制选择都需要整合到区域寄生虫管理计划（IPM）中，重点是根据主要 GIN 物种、区域气候、财产规模和企业结构等因素确定的组件选择。开展绵羊综合寄生虫管理项目，旨在为澳大利亚主要绵羊产区制定和示范综合化学和非化学选择的区域寄生虫控制计划。该项目包括对绵羊主要内寄生虫和外寄生虫生态学的研究，以及对绵羊生产者寄生虫控制实践的全国调查。讨论了为澳大利亚两个截然不同的地区开发的 IPM 方法。采用 IPM 计划的障碍包括与多组件方法相关的感知复杂性、时间要求和困难。讨论了与利用小组扩展和商业部门参与相关的促进行业采用 IPM 计划的问题。通过逐步采用组件的方式，可以管理对 IPM 复杂性的认识，从而随着时间的推移积累学习成果。推广工作必须满足除绵羊生产者以外的行业部门的需求，并探索用户付费方法。这些方法的成功与否将取决于通过采用 IPM 计划，生产者的额外利润与足够的报酬之间的关系，以吸引商业服务。
