Chest Research Foundation, Marigold Complex, Kalyaninagar, Pune, India.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Feb;12(1):82-90. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834ecb65.
An estimated 3 billion people (about half the world's population) burn biomass fuel (wood, crop residues, animal dung and coal) for cooking and heating purposes exposing a large population, especially women and children, to high levels of indoor air pollution. Biomass smoke comprises gaseous air pollutants as well as particulate matter air pollutants, which have significant harmful effects.
Exposure to biomass smoke is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Children, women and the elderly are most affected. Apart from poor lung growth seen in growing children, the risk of developing respiratory tract infections (both upper as well as lower) is greatly increased in children living in homes using biomass. Women who spend many hours cooking food in poorly ventilated homes develop chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), asthma, respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis and lung cancer. It has been argued that exposure to biomass fuel smoke is a bigger risk factor for COPD than tobacco smoking.
Physicians need to be aware about the harmful effects of biomass smoke exposure and ensure early diagnosis and appropriate management to reduce the disease burden. More research needs to be done to study health effects due to biomass smoke exposure better. Reducing the exposure to biomass smoke through proper home ventilation, home design and, if possible, change of biomass to cleaner fuels is strongly recommended in order to reduce biomass smoke-induced mortality and morbidity.
目的综述：据估计，全球约有 30 亿人（约占世界人口的一半）使用生物质燃料（木材、农作物残余物、动物粪便和煤）进行烹饪和取暖，使大量人口，尤其是妇女和儿童，暴露在高水平的室内空气污染中。生物质烟雾包括气态空气污染物和颗粒物空气污染物，它们具有显著的有害影响。
最近的发现：暴露于生物质烟雾是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。儿童、妇女和老年人受影响最大。除了在使用生物质的家庭中成长的儿童肺部生长不良外，患呼吸道感染（包括上呼吸道和下呼吸道）的风险也大大增加。在通风不良的家中长时间做饭的妇女会患上慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘、呼吸道感染，包括肺结核和肺癌。有人认为，暴露于生物质燃料烟雾是 COPD 的一个比吸烟更大的危险因素。
总结：医生需要了解暴露于生物质烟雾的有害影响，并确保早期诊断和适当的管理，以减轻疾病负担。需要进行更多的研究，以更好地研究暴露于生物质烟雾的健康影响。强烈建议通过适当的家庭通风、家庭设计以及在可能的情况下将生物质燃料更换为更清洁的燃料，来减少暴露于生物质烟雾的机会，以降低因生物质烟雾引起的死亡率和发病率。
