Division of Child Development and Metabolism, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3550 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012 Jan;33(1):70-4. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31823a43b7.
To compare the characteristics of driving and nondriving teens and explore the driving outcomes for teens with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders.
Parents of teens aged 15 to 18 years with a parent-reported diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder enrolled in Interactive Autism Network, an online research registry, were eligible for this cross-sectional study. An online survey was used for data collection.
A total of 297 parents completed the survey. Sixty-three percent of teens currently drive or plan to drive. Twenty-nine percent of the teens who are age-eligible to drive currently drive. Compared with age-eligible but nondriving teens, a greater proportion of driving teens were in full-time regular education (p < .005), planned to attend college (p < .001), and held a paid job (p = .008). A greater proportion of parents of driving teens had taught ≥1 teen to drive previously (p < .001). There were no differences in gender, autism subtype, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, parental age or education, or access to public transportation. Driving predictors included individualized education plans with driving goals, indicators of functional status (classroom placement, college aspiration, and job experience), and parent experience with teaching teens to drive. Twelve percent of teens received driving citations, and 12% of teens had been involved in a motor vehicle crash.
Although a significant proportion of teens with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders were driving or learning to drive, the fact that most driving teens' individualized education plans did not include driving goals suggests an area of opportunity for improvement in transition planning. Driving teens were more frequently in regular education settings with college aspirations, which could help schools identify potential drivers.
比较有驾驶和无驾驶行为青少年的特征，并探索高功能自闭症谱系障碍青少年的驾驶结果。
符合本横断面研究条件的是年龄在 15 至 18 岁之间、父母报告经诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍、且已加入在线自闭症研究注册机构交互式自闭症网络的青少年的父母。采用在线调查收集数据。
共有 297 名家长完成了调查。目前有 63%的青少年会开车或计划开车。目前有 29%符合驾驶年龄的青少年开车。与符合驾驶年龄但不开车的青少年相比，更多开车的青少年接受全日制正规教育（p＜.005）、计划上大学（p＜.001）和有带薪工作（p=.008）。更多有开车青少年的父母之前曾教过≥1 名青少年开车（p＜.001）。性别、自闭症亚型、注意力缺陷/多动障碍诊断、父母年龄或教育程度以及是否可以使用公共交通工具方面没有差异。驾驶预测因素包括有驾驶目标的个别化教育计划、功能状态指标（课堂安置、上大学愿望和工作经验）以及父母教授青少年驾驶的经验。12%的青少年收到过驾驶罚单，12%的青少年曾发生过机动车事故。
尽管高功能自闭症谱系障碍青少年中有相当一部分人在开车或正在学习开车，但大多数有驾驶行为青少年的个别化教育计划中没有包含驾驶目标，这表明在过渡规划方面有改进的空间。有驾驶行为的青少年更频繁地接受正规教育并希望上大学，这可以帮助学校识别潜在的驾驶员。
