使用周历计划活动评估自闭症谱系障碍青少年的执行功能。
Use of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity to Assess Executive Function in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
机构信息
Leanne Tamm, PhD, is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH;
Elizabeth M. Hamik, BA, is Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
出版信息
Am J Occup Ther. 2024 Jan 1;78(1). doi: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050295.
IMPORTANCE
Youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have challenges with executive function (EF). However, there are few measures to objectively assess EF, such as time management and prioritization. The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) is a promising performance-based EF measure that has rarely been used with youths with ASD.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the performance of youths with ASD on the WCPA and the association of WCPA performance with caregiver-rated EF.
DESIGN
Observational and summary data obtained during a baseline evaluation for a research study.
SETTING
Middle school.
PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-nine adolescents with ASD and without an intellectual disability.
METHOD
Youth were administered the WCPA; caregivers completed EF ratings. Descriptive statistics characterized WCPA performance. Correlations between WCPA scores and age, IQ, and EF ratings were computed.
RESULTS
The majority of youth performed poorly on the WCPA and lacked insight into their poor performance. Many struggled to enter appointments. Appointment accuracy was <30%. The most common errors were location errors. Appointment accuracy and planning time were moderately associated with IQ but not with caregiver-rated EF or age.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Overall, the WCPA was cognitively demanding for youths with ASD without an intellectual disability. These results have implications for using evidence-based strategies to teach adolescents with ASD how to manage their time and plan and prioritize homework assignments, upcoming tests or quizzes, and extracurricular activities. Plain-Language Summary: Youths with autism spectrum disorder have significant problems with executive function, particularly organization, prioritization, time management, and planning. There are few objective, performance-based measures of executive function, especially those that can be used with autistic youths. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) with autistic adolescents who do not have an intellectual disability. The WCPA captured their deficits related to executive function and could be a useful tool for assessment and treatment planning.
重要性
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的青少年在执行功能（EF）方面存在困难。然而，很少有客观评估 EF 的方法，例如时间管理和优先级排序。每周日程规划活动（WCPA）是一种很有前途的基于表现的 EF 测量方法，但是很少用于 ASD 青少年。
目的
描述 ASD 青少年在 WCPA 上的表现，以及 WCPA 表现与照顾者评定的 EF 之间的关系。
设计
在研究的基线评估期间获得的观察和总结数据。
地点
中学。
参与者
39 名患有 ASD 且无智力障碍的青少年。
方法
对青少年进行 WCPA 测试；照顾者完成 EF 评定。描述性统计数据描述了 WCPA 的表现。计算了 WCPA 分数与年龄、智商和 EF 评分之间的相关性。
结果
大多数青少年在 WCPA 上表现不佳，并且对自己的不佳表现缺乏洞察力。许多人难以预约。预约的准确性<30%。最常见的错误是位置错误。预约的准确性和规划时间与智商中度相关，但与照顾者评定的 EF 或年龄无关。
结论和相关性
总的来说，WCPA 对无智力障碍的 ASD 青少年来说认知要求很高。这些结果对于使用基于证据的策略来教授 ASD 青少年如何管理时间、规划和优先安排家庭作业、即将到来的考试或测验以及课外活动具有重要意义。
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