Day Andrew, Mohr Philip, Howells Kevin, Gerace Adam, Lim Loraine
Deakin Forensic Psychology Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2012 Jun;56(4):599-613. doi: 10.1177/0306624X11431061. Epub 2011 Dec 12.
A lack of empathic responsiveness toward others has been consistently identified as an important antecedent to aggressive behavior and violent crime, with many rehabilitation programs for violent offenders incorporating treatment modules that are specifically designed to increase offender empathy. This study examined the extent to which cognitive (perspective taking) and affective (empathic concern, personal distress) empathy predicted anger in a clinical (male prisoners convicted of a violent offense) and a nonclinical (student) sample. Perspective taking emerged as the strongest predictor of self-reported anger in response to an interpersonal provocation, as well as being most consistently related to scores on measures of general trait anger and methods of anger control. While the relationship between perspective taking and anger was apparent for offenders as well as students, the results did not support the idea that an inability to perspective take is a particular characteristic of violent offenders.
对他人缺乏共情反应一直被认为是攻击行为和暴力犯罪的一个重要前提，许多针对暴力罪犯的康复项目都纳入了专门设计用于增强罪犯共情能力的治疗模块。本研究考察了认知（换位思考）和情感（共情关注、个人痛苦）共情在临床样本（因暴力犯罪被定罪的男性囚犯）和非临床样本（学生）中预测愤怒情绪的程度。在应对人际挑衅时，换位思考成为自我报告愤怒情绪的最强预测因素，并且与一般特质愤怒量表得分和愤怒控制方法最密切相关。虽然换位思考与愤怒之间的关系在罪犯和学生中都很明显，但结果并不支持无法进行换位思考是暴力罪犯的一个特殊特征这一观点。
