Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Suite 175, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2012 Dec;16(9):1837-43. doi: 10.1007/s10995-011-0930-6.
A rising number of low-income African-American mothers gain more weight in pregnancy than is recommended, placing them at risk for poor maternal and fetal health outcomes. Little is known about the perceptions of mothers in this population that may influence excessive gestational weight gain. In 2010-2011, we conducted 4 focus groups with 31 low-income, pregnant African-Americans in Philadelphia. Two readers independently coded the focus group transcripts to identify recurrent themes. We identified 9 themes around perceptions that encouraged or discouraged high gestational weight gain. Mothers attributed high weight gain to eating more in pregnancy, which was the result of being hungrier and the belief that consuming more calories while pregnant was essential for babies' health. Family members, especially participants own mothers, strongly reinforced the need to "eat for two" to make a healthy baby. Mothers and their families recognized the link between poor fetal outcomes and low weight gains but not higher gains, and thus, most had a greater pre-occupation with too little food intake and weight gain rather than too much. Having physical symptoms from overeating and weight retention after previous pregnancies were factors that discouraged higher gains. Overall, low-income African-American mothers had more perceptions encouraging high gestational weight gain than discouraging it. Interventions to prevent excessive weight gain need to be sensitive to these perceptions. Messages that link guideline recommended weight gain to optimal infant outcomes and mothers' physical symptoms may be most effective for weight control.
越来越多的低收入非裔美国母亲在怀孕期间体重增加超过推荐量，使她们面临母婴健康不良结局的风险。对于可能影响过度妊娠体重增加的这一人群中母亲的看法知之甚少。2010-2011 年，我们在费城对 31 名低收入、怀孕的非裔美国母亲进行了 4 次焦点小组讨论。两位读者独立对焦点小组的记录进行了编码，以确定反复出现的主题。我们确定了 9 个主题，涉及鼓励或不鼓励高妊娠体重增加的看法。母亲将体重增加归因于怀孕期间吃得更多，这是因为更饿，以及认为怀孕期间摄入更多卡路里对婴儿健康至关重要的信念。家庭成员，尤其是参与者自己的母亲，强烈强调需要“为两个人吃”，以生下一个健康的婴儿。母亲及其家人认识到胎儿不良结局与低体重增加之间的联系，但与高体重增加无关，因此，大多数人更关注食物摄入和体重增加不足，而不是过多。暴饮暴食和前几次怀孕后体重滞留的身体症状是不鼓励体重增加的因素。总体而言，低收入非裔美国母亲对妊娠体重增加的看法更多是鼓励而不是劝阻。预防体重过度增加的干预措施需要考虑到这些看法。将指南推荐的体重增加与最佳婴儿结局和母亲的身体症状联系起来的信息可能对体重控制最有效。
