Spadaro Adam, He Chao, Milliken Bruce
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2012 Feb;74(2):331-49. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0248-x.
The repetition effect in two-alternatiave forced choice (2AFC) tasks is a cornerstone effect in human cognition. Yet the experiments described here show that the customary benefit of repetition reverses to a cost of repetition when participants respond to an irrelevant event between targets. In Experiments 1A-1C, participants made manual 2AFC decisions to both of two consecutive targets on a trial and, on some trials, also made a manual response to an intervening event that appeared between the two targets. A repetition benefit was observed when no intervening event appeared, whereas a repetition cost was observed when a response was required to an intervening event. Experiment 2 ruled out a solely strategic interpretation of the repetition cost effect observed on intervening event trials. In Experiments 3A and 3B, an intervening event that required a simple vocal "go" response also produced a repetition cost. In Experiment 4, a repetition cost was observed when the intervening event was changed to a tone presented aurally. In Experiment 5, the repetition benefit was observed when a response was withheld to an intervening event. A dual-process interpretation of these results is discussed, with one process related to episodic integration, and the other related to processes that produce inhibition of return.
在二选一强制选择（2AFC）任务中的重复效应是人类认知中的一个基石效应。然而，此处所描述的实验表明，当参与者对目标之间的一个无关事件做出反应时，重复的惯常益处会转变为重复的代价。在实验1A - 1C中，参与者在一次试验中对两个连续目标都做出手动2AFC决策，并且在某些试验中，还对出现在两个目标之间的一个中间事件做出手动反应。当没有中间事件出现时，观察到重复益处，而当需要对中间事件做出反应时，则观察到重复代价。实验2排除了对在中间事件试验中观察到的重复代价效应的单纯策略性解释。在实验3A和3B中，一个需要简单发声“执行”反应的中间事件也产生了重复代价。在实验4中，当中间事件改为听觉呈现的音调时，观察到了重复代价。在实验5中，当对中间事件不做出反应时，观察到了重复益处。本文讨论了对这些结果的双过程解释，一个过程与情景整合有关，另一个过程与产生返回抑制的过程有关。
