Department of Plant Biology, University of Florence, Florence.
Chem Biodivers. 2011 Dec;8(12):2179-94. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201000290.
Sideritis italica (Mill.) Greuter et Burdet belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is endemic to Italy. The glandular trichomes (morphology, distribution, histochemistry, and ultrastructure) of the plant were studied for the first time, along with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Abundant non-glandular hairs and peltate (type A) and capitate (types B, C(1), and C(x)) glandular trichomes were observed both on the vegetative and reproductive organs. The histochemical procedures and the ultrastructural investigation enabled specific location of the main site of essential oil production mainly in type-A peltate hairs. Particular emphasis is given to the release mechanism of the secreted material in all of the types of glands, and the potential taxonomic value of the indumentum in the Lamiaceae family is briefly discussed. Essential oils were hydrodistilled from flowering aerial parts of S. italica, and 136 compounds (112 in flowerheads, 79 in vegetative parts) were identified. The quantitative prevalence of diterpenoids (43.4% in flowerheads and 22.3% in vegetative parts) was the most significant characteristic of the essential oil of S. italica that could be classified as a diterpene-rich essential oil according to the classification of Kirimer.
意大利牛至（Mill.）Greuter et Burdet 属于唇形科，是意大利特有的植物。本研究首次对该植物的腺毛（形态、分布、组织化学和超微结构）和精油的化学成分进行了研究。在营养器官和生殖器官上均观察到丰富的非腺毛和盾状（A 型）及头状（B、C(1)和 C(x)型）腺毛。组织化学程序和超微结构研究能够确定精油主要产生部位位于 A 型盾状毛中。特别强调了所有类型腺毛中分泌物质的释放机制，简要讨论了毛被在唇形科中的潜在分类学价值。从意大利牛至的开花地上部分用水蒸气蒸馏提取精油，并鉴定出 136 种化合物（在头状花序中为 112 种，在营养部分中为 79 种）。二萜类化合物（在头状花序中为 43.4%，在营养部分中为 22.3%）的定量优势是 S. italica 精油最显著的特征，根据 Kirimer 的分类，它可以归类为富含二萜的精油。
