Venditti Alessandro, Bianco Armandodoriano, Frezza Claudio, Serafini Mauro, Giacomello Ginevra, Giuliani Claudia, Bramucci Massimo, Quassinti Luana, Lupidi Giulio, Lucarini Domenico, Papa Fabrizio, Maggi Filippo
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome.
Chem Biodivers. 2016 Oct;13(10):1380-1390. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201600082.
Sideritis montana subsp. montana is a small annual herb occurring in countries bordering the Mediterranean and Balkan regions. The secondary metabolism of this plant has not been fully explored so far. The aim of the present study was to understand the complex mixture of secondary metabolites and the type of secretory structures. The polar constituents were isolated by column chromatography from the ethanolic extract, and their structure was elucidated by NMR and MS. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/MS. The plant indumentum was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. To complete the work, the essential oil antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on tumor cells were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and MTT methods. Four different classes of secondary metabolites were isolated, namely flavonoids, caffeoylquinic derivatives, glycosidic hydroquinones and iridoids. The essential oil was mainly characterized by sesquiterpenene hydrocarbons. Peltate and long-capitate hairs were the main sites where terpenes and polar constituents are produced. The secondary metabolites found in S. montana subsp. montana are of chemotaxonomic interest, some of them being typical of the genus Sideritis. The trichomes types observed partially differ from those described in other members of the genus Sideritis. The essential oil showed noteworthy inhibition on tumor cells.
山地岩须亚种山地岩须是一种小型一年生草本植物，生长在地中海和巴尔干地区周边国家。到目前为止，这种植物的次生代谢产物尚未得到充分研究。本研究的目的是了解次生代谢产物的复杂混合物以及分泌结构的类型。通过柱色谱法从乙醇提取物中分离出极性成分，并通过核磁共振（NMR）和质谱（MS）对其结构进行了阐明。通过水蒸馏法分离出精油，并通过气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）进行分析。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对植物的毛被进行了研究。为了完成这项工作，通过DPPH、ABTS、FRAP和MTT方法评估了精油对肿瘤细胞的抗氧化活性和细胞毒性。分离出了四类不同的次生代谢产物，即黄酮类化合物、咖啡酰奎宁衍生物、糖苷对苯二酚和环烯醚萜类化合物。精油的主要特征是倍半萜烯碳氢化合物。盾状毛和长头状毛是产生萜类化合物和极性成分的主要部位。在山地岩须亚种山地岩须中发现的次生代谢产物具有化学分类学意义，其中一些是岩须属的典型特征。观察到的毛状体类型与岩须属其他成员中描述的类型部分不同。精油对肿瘤细胞显示出显著的抑制作用。
