Li Ru-Zhong, Zhou Ai-Jia, Tong Fang, Wu Ya-Dong, Zhang Ping, Yu Jia
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Sep;32(9):2661-8.
This study focused on the characterization and the health risk assessment of heavy metals in the dust of Hefei City, China. Samples were collected from fifty two sampling points covering six land-use types. Most of the sites were impervious ground such as residential, commercial, industrial, educational and traffic areas, as well as public landscapes and city squares. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr were measured to investigate their distribution and evaluate their risk to human health. The US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model was employed to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals to child and adult, respectively. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Zn were 46 and 37 times higher than soil background values, respectively. The concentrations of Cu and Pb were 3-5 times, and Cr concentration was 1.5 times higher than the soil background values of Anhui Province. The carcinogenic risk indexes of Cr and Cd were 3.22 x 10(-7) and 2.26 x 10(-9), respectively, which were lower than the soil management standard of the US EPA, i.e. 1.0 x 10(-6). The total non-carcinogenic hazard index of the five metals for adults was only 0.212, but for children it reached to 1.259 and exceeded the safety threshold value (1.0), suggesting that the adverse health impact on children exposure to metals in urban dusts were relatively serious in Hefei. The ingestion of dust particles was the major exposure pathway for health risk. The orders of non-carcinogenic hazard indexes of land-use types and heavy metals were industrial area > public landscapes and city squares > commercial area > educational area > residential area > traffic area, and Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd > Cu, respectively.
本研究聚焦于中国合肥市灰尘中重金属的特征及健康风险评估。样本采集自覆盖六种土地利用类型的52个采样点。大多数采样点为不透水地面，如住宅、商业、工业、教育和交通区域，以及公共景观和城市广场。测量了锌、铅、铜、镉和铬的浓度，以研究它们的分布并评估其对人体健康的风险。采用美国环保署健康风险评估模型分别评估重金属对儿童和成人的致癌和非致癌风险。结果表明，镉和锌的浓度分别比土壤背景值高46倍和37倍。铜和铅的浓度比安徽省土壤背景值高3至5倍，铬浓度比其高1.5倍。铬和镉的致癌风险指数分别为3.22×10⁻⁷和2.26×10⁻⁹，低于美国环保署的土壤管理标准，即1.0×10⁻⁶。五种金属对成人的总非致癌危害指数仅为0.212，但对儿童则达到1.259，超过了安全阈值（1.0），这表明合肥市城市灰尘中金属对儿童的健康不良影响相对严重。吸入灰尘颗粒是健康风险的主要暴露途径。土地利用类型和重金属的非致癌危害指数顺序分别为工业区＞公共景观和城市广场＞商业区＞教育区＞住宅区＞交通区，以及铅＞铬＞锌＞镉＞铜。
