University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2011 Nov 10;7 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S6. doi: 10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S6.
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal systemic reaction with varied mechanisms and clinical presentations. Although prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are imperative, both patients and healthcare professionals often fail to recognize and diagnose early signs and symptoms of the condition. Clinical manifestations vary widely, however, the most common signs are cutaneous symptoms, including angioedema, urticaria, erythema and pruritus. Immediate intramuscular administration of epinephrine into the lateral thigh is first-line therapy, even if the diagnosis is uncertain. The mainstays of long-term management include specialist assessment, avoidance measures, and the provision of an epinephrine auto-injector and an individualized anaphylaxis action plan. This article provides an overview of the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and acute and long-term management of this serious allergic reaction.
过敏反应是一种急性的、潜在致命的全身性反应，其发病机制和临床表现多种多样。尽管及时识别和治疗过敏反应至关重要，但患者和医护人员常常未能早期识别和诊断出过敏反应的症状和体征。然而，临床表现差异很大，最常见的症状是皮肤症状，包括血管性水肿、荨麻疹、红斑和瘙痒。即使诊断不确定，也要立即在大腿外侧肌内注射肾上腺素作为一线治疗。长期管理的主要方法包括专科评估、避免措施、提供肾上腺素自动注射器和个体化过敏反应行动计划。本文概述了这种严重过敏反应的病因、临床特征、诊断以及急性和长期管理。
