Voller Fabio, Silvestri Caterina, Orsini Cristina, Aversa Laura, Da Frè Monica, Cipriani Francesco
Agenzia regionale di Sanità della Toscana, Firenze.
Epidemiol Prev. 2011 Sep-Dec;35(5-6):297-306.
Investigation of health conditions of prison inmates in Tuscany (Italy) compared with non-institutionalized population and literature data.
Cross-sectional descriptive study of a sample recruited for a prospective cohort study. SETTING E PARTICIPANTS: Prison inmates detained in Tuscany on June 15th 2009. Istat data concerning the survey "Aspects of daily life" 2006-2009 has been used for comparison.
The measures used for the analysis are prevalence data by age classes and odds ratios obtained through a logistic regression model. Outcome variables are: broad disease groups, in particular infectious and parasitic diseases and psychic disorders.
Prison inmates from Northern Africa and Eastern Europe are 40% of the population studied. A high consumption of tobacco is observed, with 70.6% of regular smokers among prisoners vs 33.2% among free citizens. Digestive system diseases are the most frequent diseases (25.1%), followed by infectious and parasitic diseases (15.7%). Among digestive disease,more than half are teeth and oral cavity pathologies that affect 13.7% of prisoners.Other frequently reported disease groups were diseases of the bone-muscular and connective systems (11.0%), of the circulatory system (10.8%), endocrine and metabolic systems (9.2%), traumatisms and poisonings (6.8%), respiratory system diseases (5.9%), and nervous system diseases (4.9%). The prevalence of ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, obesity and esophagitis, gastritis and gastro-duodenal ulcers is significantly higher among prisoners than in the general population. The most frequent infectious and parasitic diseases are Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection with a prevalence of 9.0%, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection (2.2%), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (1.4%). Hepatitis C, HIV and hepatitis A have a higher prevalence among inmates of Italian nationality, while syphilis is more common among prisoners from Eastern Europe (1.2%). The prevalence of psychic disorders among prison inmates is 33.3% (vs 11.6% in the general population), while it decreases to 29.3% if we exclude the population detained in the Psychiatric Prison.
According to previous national and international studies, the cohort is more affected than the general population by physical and psychic disorders, partly associated to the prison inmate's country of origin.
将意大利托斯卡纳地区监狱囚犯的健康状况与非机构化人群及文献数据进行比较。
对为前瞻性队列研究招募的样本进行横断面描述性研究。地点与参与者：2009年6月15日被关押在托斯卡纳的监狱囚犯。使用了意大利国家统计局关于2006 - 2009年“日常生活方面”调查的数据进行比较。
分析所用的指标是按年龄组划分的患病率数据以及通过逻辑回归模型获得的比值比。结果变量为：广泛的疾病组，特别是传染病和寄生虫病以及精神障碍。
来自北非和东欧的监狱囚犯占所研究人群的40%。观察到烟草消费量很高，囚犯中有70.6%是经常吸烟者，而自由公民中这一比例为33.2%。消化系统疾病是最常见的疾病（25.1%），其次是传染病和寄生虫病（15.7%）。在消化系统疾病中，超过一半是牙齿和口腔疾病，影响了13.7%的囚犯。其他经常报告的疾病组包括骨骼肌肉和结缔组织系统疾病（11.0%）、循环系统疾病（10.8%）、内分泌和代谢系统疾病（9.2%）、创伤和中毒（6.8%）、呼吸系统疾病（5.9%）以及神经系统疾病（4.9%）。囚犯中缺血性心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖症以及食管炎、胃炎和胃十二指肠溃疡的患病率显著高于普通人群。最常见的传染病和寄生虫病是丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染，患病率为9.0%，乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染（2.2%），以及人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染（1.4%）。丙型肝炎、HIV和甲型肝炎在意大利国籍囚犯中的患病率较高，而梅毒在来自东欧的囚犯中更为常见（1.2%）。监狱囚犯中精神障碍的患病率为33.3%（普通人群为11.6%），如果排除关押在精神病监狱的人群，这一比例降至29.3%。
根据以往的国内和国际研究，该队列比普通人群更容易受到身体和精神障碍的影响，部分与囚犯的原籍国有关。
