Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Nov;63(11):912-9. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.090662. Epub 2009 Jul 30.
Despite growing inmate populations in the USA, inmates are excluded from most national health surveys and little is known about whether the prevalence of chronic disease differs between inmates and the non-institutionalised population.
Nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2002 Survey of Inmates in Local Jails, 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities and 2002-4 National Health Interview Survey Sample Adult Files on individuals aged 18-65 were used. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to compare the prevalence of self-reported chronic medical conditions among jail (n = 6582) and prison (n = 14,373) inmates and non-institutionalised (n = 76 597) adults after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, employment, the USA as birthplace, marital status and alcohol consumption. Prevalence and adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were calculated for nine important chronic conditions.
Compared with the general population, jail and prison inmates had higher odds of hypertension (OR(jail) 1.19; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.31; OR(prison) 1.17; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.27), asthma (OR(jail) 1.41; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.56; OR(prison) 1.34; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.46), arthritis (OR(jail) 1.65; 95% CI 1.47 to 1.84; OR(prison) 1.66; 95% CI 1.54 to 1.80), cervical cancer (OR(jail) 4.16; 95% CI 3.13 to 5.53; OR(prison) 4.82; 95% CI 3.74 to 6.22), and hepatitis (OR(jail) 2.57; 95% CI 2.20 to 3.00; OR(prison) 4.23; 95% CI 3.71 to 4.82), but no increased odds of diabetes, angina or myocardial infarction, and lower odds of obesity.
Jail and prison inmates had a higher burden of most chronic medical conditions than the general population even with adjustment for important sociodemographic differences and alcohol consumption.
尽管美国囚犯人数不断增加，但囚犯被排除在大多数国家健康调查之外，人们对囚犯与非监禁人口之间慢性病的患病率是否存在差异知之甚少。
使用了来自 2002 年地方监狱囚犯调查、2004 年州和联邦惩教设施囚犯调查以及 2002-2004 年全国健康访谈调查样本成人档案中年龄在 18-65 岁的个体的全国代表性横断面数据。采用二项和多项逻辑回归比较了监狱（n=6582）和监狱（n=14373）囚犯与非监禁（n=76597）成年人自报慢性疾病的患病率，调整了年龄、性别、种族、教育、就业、美国出生、婚姻状况和饮酒情况。计算了 9 种重要慢性疾病的患病率和 95%CI 的调整比值比。
与一般人群相比，监狱和监狱囚犯患高血压的几率更高（监狱 OR[比值比]1.19；95%CI 1.08-1.31；监狱 OR[比值比]1.17；95%CI 1.09-1.27）、哮喘（监狱 OR[比值比]1.41；95%CI 1.28-1.56；监狱 OR[比值比]1.34；95%CI 1.22-1.46）、关节炎（监狱 OR[比值比]1.65；95%CI 1.47-1.84；监狱 OR[比值比]1.66；95%CI 1.54-1.80）、宫颈癌（监狱 OR[比值比]4.16；95%CI 3.13-5.53；监狱 OR[比值比]4.82；95%CI 3.74-6.22）和肝炎（监狱 OR[比值比]2.57；95%CI 2.20-3.00；监狱 OR[比值比]4.23；95%CI 3.71-4.82），但糖尿病、心绞痛或心肌梗死的几率没有增加，肥胖的几率则更低。
即使调整了重要的社会人口差异和饮酒因素，监狱和监狱囚犯的大多数慢性疾病负担也比一般人群更高。
