Motoyoshi Mitsuru
Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
J Oral Sci. 2011 Dec;53(4):407-12. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.53.407.
Orthodontic mini-implants were recently developed and have been widely used in clinics. However, loosening of mini-implants, as well as infection and swelling of mucosal tissue at the placement site, are often observed during orthodontic treatment. Thus, clinical indices are greatly needed for the safe use of orthodontic mini-implants. This article presents information on mini-implants and offers suggestions on indications, placement technique, optimum design, and evaluation of the placement site for mini-implants. The author concludes that 1) mini-implants should be left in the placement site for 3 months before loading to allow for a healing period, which increases the success rate in adolescent patients, 2) placement torque should be considered when tightening mini-implants into bone, as excessively high or low torque results in low stability, 3) mini-implants with optimal screws should be placed in the correct position, and 4) a prepared site should be established in an area with a cortical bone thickness of greater than 1.0 mm, to improve the success rate. Finally, the vector of orthodontic forces in the arrangement with the center of resistance of the entire dental arch should be considered when developing treatment goals.
正畸微型种植体是近年来开发的，并已在临床上广泛应用。然而，在正畸治疗过程中，经常观察到微型种植体松动，以及种植部位黏膜组织的感染和肿胀。因此，正畸微型种植体的安全使用急需临床指标。本文介绍了微型种植体的相关信息，并对微型种植体的适应证、植入技术、优化设计和植入部位评估提出了建议。作者得出结论：1）微型种植体在加载前应在植入部位留置3个月，以留出愈合期，这可提高青少年患者的成功率；2）将微型种植体拧入骨内时应考虑植入扭矩，因为过高或过低的扭矩都会导致稳定性降低；3）应将具有最佳螺钉的微型种植体放置在正确位置；4）应在皮质骨厚度大于1.0 mm的区域建立准备好的植入部位，以提高成功率。最后，在制定治疗目标时，应考虑正畸力与整个牙弓阻力中心的排列方向。
