Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Dental School, 78229-3900, USA.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011 Nov-Dec;26(6):1324-32.
For dental implants to be successful, osseointegration must occur, but it is unknown how much time must pass for osseointegration to be established. Preclinical studies suggested that titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface were more osteoconductive and allowed more rapid osseointegration than machined or turned implant surfaces. The hypothesis of this study was that implants with an SLA surface could be loaded in half the conventional healing time of machined-surface implants and that, after loading, the implants would be successful for 5 years.
A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted with 439 implants placed in native bone in 135 edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Abutments were attached to the implant with 35 Ncm of torque without countertorque after 6 weeks in type I to III bone and after 12 weeks in type IV bone. The patients were carefully evaluated for 5 years.
Most implants were placed in nonsmoking, nondiabetic patients with a mean age of 55 years (range, 21 to 82 years). Eighty percent of the implants were 10 or 12 mm long, 96% had a diameter of 4.1 mm, and 78% were placed in type II or III bone. Patients maintained good oral hygiene and were satisfied with the restorations. Four implants failed, and one implant was deemed unsuccessful between surgery and the 1-year postloading visit. No implants failed or were unsuccessful in subsequent years. The cumulative survival and success rates for 385 implants in 120 patients after 5 years were 99.1% and 98.8%, respectively.
Implants with an SLA surface can be restored in 6 weeks for type I to III bone and 12 weeks for type IV bone. Furthermore, they can be maintained after loading for 5 years with very high success and survival rates.
为了使牙种植体成功，必须发生骨整合，但目前尚不清楚需要多长时间才能建立骨整合。临床前研究表明，具有喷砂酸蚀（SLA）表面的钛种植体更具骨诱导性，并允许比机械加工或旋转种植体表面更快地发生骨整合。本研究的假设是，具有 SLA 表面的种植体可以在机械加工表面种植体的传统愈合时间的一半内加载，并且在加载后，种植体在 5 年内将是成功的。
进行了一项具有 439 个种植体的前瞻性多中心临床研究，这些种植体放置在 135 名无牙和部分无牙患者的天然骨中。在 I 型至 III 型骨中，在 6 周后且在 IV 型骨中在 12 周后，用 35 Ncm 的扭矩将基台连接到种植体上，而无需反扭矩。对患者进行了 5 年的仔细评估。
大多数种植体都放置在不吸烟、非糖尿病患者中，平均年龄为 55 岁（范围为 21 至 82 岁）。80%的种植体长度为 10 或 12 毫米，96%的直径为 4.1 毫米，78%的种植体放置在 II 型或 III 型骨中。患者保持良好的口腔卫生，对修复体感到满意。有 4 个种植体失败，1 个种植体在手术和加载后 1 年的就诊期间被认为不成功。在随后的几年中，没有种植体失败或不成功。在 5 年后，120 名患者中的 385 个种植体的累积生存率和成功率分别为 99.1%和 98.8%。
具有 SLA 表面的种植体可以在 I 型至 III 型骨中在 6 周内修复，在 IV 型骨中在 12 周内修复。此外，它们可以在加载后维持 5 年，具有非常高的成功率和生存率。
