Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2012 Jan;31(1):228-35. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1154. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
How has funding to developing countries for health improvement changed in the wake of the global financial crisis? The question is vital for policy making, planning, and advocacy purposes in donor and recipient countries alike. We measured the total amount of financial and in-kind assistance that flowed from both public and private channels to improve health in developing countries during the period 1990-2011. The data for the years 1990-2009 reflect disbursements, while the numbers for 2010 and 2011 are preliminary estimates. Development assistance for health continued to grow in 2011, but the rate of growth was low. We estimate that assistance for health grew by 4 percent each year from 2009 to 2011, reaching a total of $27.73 billion. This growth was largely driven by the World Bank's International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and appeared to be a deliberate strategy in response to the global economic crisis. Assistance for health from bilateral agencies grew by only 4 percent, or $444.08 million, largely because the United States slowed its development assistance for health. Health funding through UN agencies stagnated, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria announced that it would make no new grants for the next two years because of declines in funding. Given the international community's focus on meeting the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and persistent economic hardship in donor countries, continued measurement of development assistance for health is essential for policy making.
在全球金融危机之后,用于改善发展中国家卫生状况的资金有何变化?这个问题对于捐助国和受援国的政策制定、规划和宣传工作都至关重要。我们衡量了 1990 年至 2011 年期间通过公共和私人渠道流向发展中国家用于改善卫生状况的资金总额和实物援助。1990 年至 2009 年的数据反映了支出情况,而 2010 年和 2011 年的数据则是初步估计。2011 年发展援助用于卫生保健领域的资金持续增长,但增长速度较低。我们估计,2009 年至 2011 年期间,卫生保健援助每年增长 4%,总额达到 277.3 亿美元。这一增长主要是由世界银行国际复兴开发银行推动的,似乎是对全球经济危机的一种刻意应对策略。双边机构提供的卫生保健援助仅增长了 4%,即 4.4408 亿美元,这主要是因为美国减缓了其发展援助用于卫生保健领域的步伐。通过联合国机构提供的卫生保健资金停滞不前,全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金宣布,由于资金减少,未来两年将不再发放新的赠款。鉴于国际社会专注于到 2015 年实现千年发展目标,以及捐助国持续面临经济困难,继续衡量发展援助用于卫生保健领域对于政策制定至关重要。