Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028414. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in most parts of the world. The susceptibility of a wide variety of avian species coupled with synanthropic bird reservoirs has contributed to the vast genomic diversity of this virus as well as diagnostic failures. Since the first panzootic in 1926, Newcastle disease (ND) became enzootic in India with recurrent outbreaks in multiple avian species. The genetic characteristics of circulating strains in India, however, are largely unknown. To understand the nature of NDV genotypes in India, we characterized two representative strains isolated 13 years apart from a chicken and a pigeon by complete genome sequence analysis and pathotyping. The viruses were characterized as velogenic by pathogenicity indices devised to distinguish these strains. The genome length was 15,186 nucleotides (nt) and consisted of six non-overlapping genes, with conserved and complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions, conserved gene starts, gene stops, and intergenic sequences similar to those in avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1) strains. Matrix gene sequence analysis grouped the pigeon isolate with APMV-1 strains. Phylogeny based on the fusion (F), and hemagglutinin (HN) genes and complete genome sequence grouped these viruses into genotype IV. Genotype IV strains are considered to have "died out" after the first panzootic (1926-1960) of ND. But, our results suggest that there is persistence of genotype IV strains in India.
新城疫病毒（NDV）是一种禽副粘病毒，它会给世界上大多数地区的家禽业造成重大经济损失。多种禽类的易感性以及共生鸟类的储主，导致了这种病毒具有广泛的基因组多样性和诊断失败。自 1926 年首次大流行以来，新城疫（ND）在印度成为地方病，多种禽类反复爆发。然而，印度循环毒株的遗传特征在很大程度上尚不清楚。为了了解印度 NDV 基因型的性质，我们通过全基因组序列分析和病原分型，对 13 年前从鸡和鸽子中分离出的两个具有代表性的毒株进行了特征描述。根据设计用于区分这些毒株的致病性指数，这些病毒被确定为强毒力型。基因组长度为 15186 个核苷酸（nt），由六个非重叠基因组成，具有保守和互补的 3' 先导和 5' 尾随区、保守的基因起始和终止以及与禽副粘病毒 1（APMV-1）株相似的基因间序列。基质基因序列分析将鸽子分离株与 APMV-1 株归为一组。基于融合（F）和血凝素（HN）基因以及全基因组序列的系统发育分析将这些病毒分为基因型 IV。基因型 IV 株被认为在 ND 的第一次大流行（1926-1960 年）后已经“灭绝”。但我们的结果表明，印度存在基因型 IV 株的持续存在。
