Maier S F, Silbert L H, Woodmansee W W, Desan P H
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1990 Aug;36(4):767-73. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(90)90075-s.
The behavioral consequences of exposure to stressors such as inescapable shock are usually quite transitory if testing is conducted in an environment different from that in which the stressor was administered. Daily running activity is an exception in that it remains depressed for several weeks following experience with inescapable shock. In the present experiments we found the administration of the triazolbenzodiazepine adinazolam able to both reduce this long-term activity reduction produced by inescapable shock when acutely administered before the inescapable shock, and to reverse the effect when chronically administered after the inescapable shock. Classic 1,4-benzodiazepines such as diazepam have been able to prevent such effects when acutely administered before inescapable shock, but cannot reverse these effects when provided after the inescapable shock. Conversely, classic antidepressants such as desipramine have been unable to prevent these behavioral effects when given before inescapable shock in acute form, but can reverse the effects with chronic administration following the inescapable shock. Our observations that adinazolam can both prevent and reverse the effects of inescapable shock are consistent with reports that this agent has both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in clinical use.
如果在与施加应激源的环境不同的环境中进行测试，暴露于诸如不可逃避的电击等应激源的行为后果通常是相当短暂的。日常跑步活动是个例外，在经历不可逃避的电击后，它会持续数周受到抑制。在本实验中，我们发现，在不可逃避的电击前急性给予三唑苯二氮卓类药物阿地唑仑，既能减少不可逃避的电击所产生的这种长期活动减少，又能在不可逃避的电击后长期给药时逆转这种效应。经典的1,4 -苯二氮卓类药物如地西泮，在不可逃避的电击前急性给药时能够预防这种效应，但在不可逃避的电击后给药时则不能逆转这些效应。相反，经典的抗抑郁药如地昔帕明，在以急性形式在不可逃避的电击前给药时无法预防这些行为效应，但在不可逃避的电击后长期给药时能够逆转这些效应。我们观察到阿地唑仑既能预防又能逆转不可逃避的电击的效应，这与该药物在临床使用中具有抗焦虑和抗抑郁作用的报道一致。
