School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, College of Life Sciences & Medicine, William Guild Building, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 3FX, UK.
Am J Surg. 2012 Sep;204(3):347-54. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.03.009. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
There is widespread recognition in high-risk organizations that leadership is essential for efficient and safe team performance. However, there is limited empiric evidence identifying specific leadership skills and associated behaviors enacted by surgeons during surgery.
Observational data on surgeons' intraoperative leadership behaviors were gathered during surgeries (n = 29) in 3 hospitals. Observations were coded using 7 leadership elements identified from the literature on surgeons' leadership. Surgeries were categorized by complexity using British United Provident Association ratings.
A total of 258 leadership behaviors were observed during more than 63 hours of observation. Surgeons most frequently showed guiding and supporting (33%), communicating and coordinating (20%), and task management behaviors (15%). In many instances the surgeons' leadership was directed to the room rather than to a specific team member. Surgeons engaged in leadership behaviors significantly more frequently during cases of high complexity compared with cases of lower complexity.
This study is the first step in developing an empirically derived taxonomy to identify and classify surgeons' intraoperative leadership behaviors.
高风险组织普遍认识到，领导力对于团队的高效和安全运作至关重要。然而，目前仅有有限的经验证据能够确定外科医生在手术过程中实施的具体领导技能和相关行为。
在 3 家医院进行的手术（n=29）中收集了外科医生术中领导行为的观察数据。观察结果使用从外科医生领导力文献中确定的 7 个领导要素进行编码。手术的复杂性使用英国联合保赔协会的评级进行分类。
在超过 63 小时的观察中，共观察到 258 种领导行为。外科医生最常表现出指导和支持（33%）、沟通和协调（20%）以及任务管理行为（15%）。在许多情况下，外科医生的领导方向是整个手术室，而不是特定的团队成员。与低复杂性的手术相比，高复杂性的手术中外科医生更频繁地表现出领导行为。
这项研究是开发一种经验主义的分类法以识别和分类外科医生术中领导行为的第一步。
