Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Epidemiol Rev. 2012;34:145-55. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxr026. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
Humanitarian relief work is a growing field characterized by ongoing exposure to primary and secondary trauma, which has implications for workers' occupational mental health. This paper reviews and summarizes research to date on mental health effects of relief work. Twelve studies on relief workers and 5 studies on organizations that employ relief workers are examined to determine whether relief work is a risk factor for trauma-related mental illness. Although studies are inconsistent regarding methods and outcomes documenting trauma-related mental illness among relief workers, it appears that relief workers, compared with the general population, experience elevated trauma rates and suffer from more posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Organizations that employ relief workers have varying approaches to train for these risks, and more support in the field is needed.
人道主义救援工作是一个不断发展的领域，其特点是持续面临原发性和继发性创伤，这对工作人员的职业心理健康有影响。本文综述了迄今为止关于救援工作对心理健康影响的研究。对 12 项救援人员研究和 5 项雇佣救援人员的组织研究进行了审查，以确定救援工作是否是与创伤相关的精神疾病的危险因素。尽管研究在记录救援人员与创伤相关的精神疾病的方法和结果方面存在不一致，但救援人员与一般人群相比，创伤发生率更高，患有更多的创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和焦虑。雇佣救援人员的组织对这些风险有不同的培训方法，因此需要在该领域提供更多支持。
