精英运动员心理生理状态与动机的诊断

Diagnostics of psychophysiological states and motivation in elite athletes.

作者信息

Korobeynikov G, Mazmanian K, Korobeynikova L, Jagiello W

机构信息

Research Institute of Sport and Prevention Medicine, National University of Physical Culture and Sport of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.

出版信息

Bratisl Lek Listy. 2011;112(11):637-43.

PMID:22180992

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Concepts explored in our study concerned identification of various types of motivation and their connection to psychophysiological states in elite judo and Greco-Roman wrestlers. We tried to figure out how do these different types of motivation interact to describe psychophysiological state in qualified wrestlers.

METHODS

Neuropsychological evaluation methods as simple (SRT) and choice reaction-time (CRT) tests, HRV measurements, psychological questionnaires. To explore obtained data methods of statistical analysis were used

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Obtained data show that different combinations of levels of motivation to achieve success and motivation to avoid failure provoke different psychophysiological states. Conducted experiment revealed that combination of high levels of both motivation to achievement of success and motivation to avoid failure provides better psychophysiological state in elite wrestlers compared to other groups with different combinations of motivational variables. Conducted experiment revealed that motivation to avoid failures had been formed as a personality formation, which compensates excessive tension, caused by high level of motivation to achieve and regulate the psychophysiological state. This can be viewed as an effect of training in athletes (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 38).

摘要

目的

我们研究中探讨的概念涉及识别精英柔道和古典式摔跤运动员的各种动机类型及其与心理生理状态的联系。我们试图弄清楚这些不同类型的动机如何相互作用以描述合格摔跤运动员的心理生理状态。

方法

采用神经心理学评估方法，如简单反应时（SRT）和选择反应时（CRT）测试、心率变异性测量、心理问卷。运用统计分析方法对所得数据进行探究。

结果与结论

所得数据表明，追求成功动机水平和避免失败动机水平的不同组合会引发不同的心理生理状态。进行的实验表明，与具有不同动机变量组合的其他组相比，高水平的追求成功动机和避免失败动机的组合能使精英摔跤运动员具有更好的心理生理状态。进行的实验表明，避免失败的动机已形成为一种人格特质，它能补偿因追求成功的高动机水平所导致的过度紧张，并调节心理生理状态。这可被视为运动员训练的一种效果（表3、图1、参考文献38）。