Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 320, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
Appetite. 2012 Oct;59(2):234-42. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.007. Epub 2012 May 17.
Weight reduction in athletes is motivated by optimisation of performance, aesthetic reasons or to achieve a pre-designated weight. Previous research has shown that dietary restraint and short term weight regulation frequently takes place among combat sports athletes such as wrestlers and judokas. The aim of this study was to explore negative experiences related to dietary strategies and weight-making practises used by elite combat sports athletes. Using semi-structured interviews, 14 Swedish national team athletes in wrestling, judo and taekwondo were asked about their dietary intake and their engagement in both long- and short-term weight regulation practises. Content analysis of the transcribed interviews, display a constant struggle regarding nutritional standpoints. Sport demands such as achieving an optimal weight and nutritional intake were considered as central in order for excellent performance. Adhering to these demands was found to be problematic however, primarily because of; (1) negative physiological responses and (2) opposing ideals of a non-sport related nature, such as the importance of the athletes to be healthy and social in their everyday lives.
运动员的减重目标可能是为了提升运动表现、出于审美需求或达到特定体重。过往研究显示，像摔跤和柔道这类格斗运动的运动员，常会出现饮食控制和短期体重调节的现象。本研究旨在探索与精英格斗运动员所采用的饮食策略和体重控制实践相关的负面经历。通过半结构化访谈，我们询问了 14 名来自瑞典摔跤、柔道和跆拳道国家队的运动员，了解他们的饮食摄入情况，以及他们在长期和短期体重调节实践中的参与情况。对转录访谈内容的分析显示，运动员在营养观点上存在持续的挣扎。运动需求，如达到最佳体重和营养摄入，被认为是取得优异成绩的核心要素。然而，运动员发现坚持这些要求存在问题，主要是因为：（1）负面的生理反应，以及（2）与运动无关的理想相冲突，例如运动员在日常生活中保持健康和社交的重要性。
