Inserm U-836, Team 6, Rayonnement Synchrotron et Recherche Médicales, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble 38042, France.
J Struct Biol. 2012 Feb;177(2):248-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.006. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
Very little is known about the sub-cellular distribution of metal ions in cells. Some metals such as zinc, copper and iron are essential and play an important role in the cell metabolism. Dysfunctions in this delicate housekeeping may be at the origin of major diseases. There is also a prevalent use of metals in a wide range of diagnostic agents and drugs for the diagnosis or treatment of a variety of disorders. This is becoming more and more of a concern in the field of nanomedicine with the increasing development and use of nanoparticles, which are suspected of causing adverse effects on cells and organ tissues. Synchrotron-based X-ray and Fourier-transformed infrared microspectroscopies are developing into well-suited sub-micrometer analytical tools for addressing new problems when studying the role of metals in biology. As a complementary tool to optical and electron microscopes, developments and studies have demonstrated the unique capabilities of multi-keV microscopy: namely, an ultra-low detection limit, large penetration depth, chemical sensitivity and three-dimensional imaging capabilities. More recently, the capabilities have been extended towards sub-100nm lateral resolutions, thus enabling sub-cellular chemical imaging. Possibilities offered by these techniques in the biomedical field are described through examples of applications performed at the ESRF synchrotron-based microspectroscopy platform (ID21 and ID22 beamlines).
关于细胞内金属离子的亚细胞分布，人们知之甚少。一些金属，如锌、铜和铁，是必需的，在细胞代谢中起着重要作用。这种微妙的新陈代谢功能障碍可能是许多重大疾病的根源。此外，金属还广泛应用于各种诊断试剂和药物中，用于诊断或治疗各种疾病。随着纳米医学的不断发展和应用，纳米粒子被怀疑会对细胞和器官组织造成不良影响，这在纳米医学领域引起了越来越多的关注。基于同步加速器的 X 射线和傅里叶变换红外显微镜技术正在发展成为研究金属在生物学中作用的合适的亚微米分析工具，可以解决新出现的问题。作为光学和电子显微镜的补充工具，开发和研究已经证明了多千电子伏显微镜的独特能力：超低检测限、大穿透深度、化学灵敏度和三维成像能力。最近，这些技术的能力已经扩展到了亚 100nm 的横向分辨率，从而实现了亚细胞的化学成像。通过在 ESRF 同步加速器微光谱学平台（ID21 和 ID22 光束线）上进行的应用实例，描述了这些技术在生物医学领域的应用潜力。
